Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. CHAPTER 13 Pest Management

Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Caterpillars of the western grape leaf skelotonizer, Harrisina brillians (Zygaenidae), consuming a grape leaf.

Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 13.1 Direct pest damage to cotton fruit by the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Noctuidae).

Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 13.2 Cosmetic injury. a, Thrips scarring of grape berry; b, Sooty mold on leaf growing on sugary excrement (honeydew) from whiteflies.

Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 13.3 Economic injury level (EIL) and economic threshold (ET) for pest density.

Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 13.4 Resurgence of pest population (solid line) caused by insecticide treatment (arrow) severely reducing a key parasite population (dashed line).

Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 13.5 Mortality of insects experimentally administered various dosages of insecticides

Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 13.6 Selection for resistance to insecticide

Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 13.7 Effects on populations of the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Aphididae), of biological control with a parasitic wasp combined with plant resistance:

Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.