Animal-like Protists and Funguslike Protists

Before we begin…some review What does the term “eukaryotic” mean? What does the term “heterotroph” mean? What does the term “autotroph” mean? What is the difference between “unicellular” and “multicellular”?

What is a Protist? Diverse kingdom – sometimes called “junk drawer kingdom” Are all eukaryotes All live in moist environments Mix of unicellular and multicellular Mix of autotrophs and heterotrophs Most have contractile vaculoes – pump water out of the organism

Example Protists The AmoebaThe Paramecium Algae

Grouping Protists Protists are classified into three groups: – Animal-like protists – Funguslike protists – Plant-like protists

Animal-like Protists Also called protozoans All heterotrophs All unicellular Divided into four groups – Protozoans with Pseudopods – Protozoans with Cilia – Protozoans with Flagella – Others

Protozoans with Pseudopods These protists are called sarcodines. They all have pseudopds that allow them to move and trap food. – Pseudopod – “false foot”; temporary bulge of the cell membrane that fills with cytoplasm Example – Our old friend, the amoeba

The Amoeba

Protozoans with Cilia These protists are called ciliates. They all have cilia that allow them to move, obtain food, and sense the environment. – Cilia – hairlike projections from a cell that move in a wavelike pattern. Example – paramecium

Paramecium

Protozoans with Flagella These protists are called zooflagellates. They all have flagella that help them move. – Flagella – long, whiplike tail Many live in symbiosis in other organisms. – Symbiosis – interaction between two species Example - Giardia

Giardia

Other Protozoans These are called sporozoans. They are all parasites that feed on the cells and body fluids of their hosts. Example – Plasmodium, causes malaria

Funguslike Protists Have cell walls Use spores to reproduce Are heterotrophs Three types: – Water molds – Downy mildews – Slime molds

Water Molds and Downy Mildews Live in water and moist places Grow as tiny threads that look fuzzy Can also attack food crops – Water mold destroyed potato crops in and caused the Irish Potato Famine that killed over a million people!

Water Molds and Downy Mildew Water mold growing on a fish. It is a parasite that will eventually kill the fish. Downy mildew growing on lettuce.

Slime Molds Live in moist soil and on decaying plants and trees Can form pseudopods and eat bacteria