Chapter 3 State Standards: 7.c; 8.a; 8.b; 8.d 1 Contreras

 Matter is ANYTHING that has mass and takes up space  Matter is made from small building blocks (atoms and molecules)  Have both physical and chemical properties 2 Contreras

 Characteristics of a substance that do not involve a chemical change  Can be observed or measured without changing the matter’s identity or composition. 3 Contreras

1. Thermal Conductivity Rate at which a substance transfers heat Good - Most metals Bad – Styrofoam 2. Malleability Ability of a substance to be rolled, pounded, molded into shapes without breaking (flexibility or brittleness) Good – Aluminum (can be rolled into aluminum foil) Bad – Glass 4 Contreras

3. Ductility The ability of a substance to be pulled and made into wire. Ex. Copper 4. Solubility The ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance Ex. Cool-Aid 5 Contreras

5. State The physical form in which a substance exists Solid, liquid, gas 6. Density The mass per unit volume of a substance. Ex. A bowling ball vs. a basketball 6 Contreras

 The amount of mass in a given volume  How tightly atoms are packed in a space  Density is unique to each substance  Density = Mass (grams) Volume (cm 3 or mL)  Density units are: g/cm 3 (for solids) g/mL (for liquids) 7 Contreras

 Density of an object is more than density of the fluid  SINK  Density of an object is less than density of the fluid  FLOAT  Liquids separate into layers based on their density 8 Contreras

 A change of matter from one form/state to another without a change in chemical properties  Mostly changes of state or form  Do not create new substances  Most of the time are reversible 9 Contreras

 Ice cubes melting  Boiling water  Melting Crayons  Shaping clay  Dissolving sugar in water  Melting butter 10 Contreras

 When substances undergo changes in composition  Original matter changes its identity  One or more new substances are formed  Happens on a molecular level 11 Contreras

 Color change  Presence of heat (give or absorb)  Smoke  Light production  Cooking/baking  Souring milk  Ripening  Mold  Rust (iron reacts with oxygen) 12 Contreras

 Picture lighting a candle with a match and observing the candle burning for a few minutes.  What physical and chemical changes did you observe? Wax melting Flame Smoke coming from the candle (physical) (chemical) (chemical) 13 Contreras