Chap 9/11 : Fundamentals of Genetics

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Ch. 9 Fundamental Genetics Gregor Mendel  “Father of Genetics” He is famous for his pea plant studies. He taught high school math and was a monk. Mendel.
Advertisements

Mendelian Genetics The principles of probability can be used to predict the outcome of genetic crosses Probability - The likelihood that a particular event.
Intro to Genetics Mendel.
What are the Key points?. Mendel Genetics and Punnett Squares Origin of Genetics Steps of a Monohybrid cross Terminology Practice Punnett Squares Determining.
Fundamentals of Genetics (chapter 9). Who was Gregor Mendel? ~An Austrian monk that is considered to be the “father of genetics” ~Used pea plants for.
Gregor Mendel Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk who studied genetics and observed how these traits were inherited over several generations. Great.
Notes # 8: Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea I. General Genetics Terms A) Trait: characteristic that can be inherited B) Allele: Alternate forms of.
Genotype vs Phenotype Genotype: An organism’s genetic makeup which consists of the alleles that an organism inherits from it’s parents (ex: Ee, EE, or.
Introduction to Genetics Ms. Stewart November 5, 2013.
Mendelian Genetics Chapter 6.3 & 6.4. Gregor Mendel Gregor Mendel: Father of genetics, Gregor Mendel: Father of genetics, studied pea plants. Genetics:
Lab Biology Chapter 9 - Genetics Mrs. Nemanic
TEST ON TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 12 GENETICS REVIEW ANSWERS.
Genetics & Heredity Chp. 10:1. Who was Gregor Mendel? “Father of Genetics”
Introduction to Genetics Chapter 9. Heredity Transmission of characteristics form parents to offspring.
Genetics How Traits are Passed from Parents to Offspring.
9-2: Genetic Crosses Help to predict the genetic makeup + appearance of offspring.
Fundamentals of Genetics. Gregor Mendel Mendel was an Austrian monk who studied genetics by using pea plants. Mid 1800’s.
With your group on a piece of paper answer the following questions What do you think of when you hear the word “genetics”? What are 3 examples of a trait?
Genetics. Heredity Passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring Gregor Mendel discovered the principles of heredity while studying pea plants (“Father.
Genetics Review. Who is the “Father of Genetics”? Gregor Mendel What organism did Mendel use to study genetics? Pea Plants.
Chapter 6 Mendelian Genetics. Genetics – the scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel is said to be the father of genetics. Mendel used pea plants to.
Genetics & Heredity Mr. Nigh
Genetic Crosses Section 9.2. Genotype  The genetic makeup of an organism  Consists of the alleles that the organism inherits from its parents  Example:
Basic Genetics Gregor Mendel The Father of Genetics.
 DNA – double helix DNA coils to form a chromosome You receive 1 set of chromosome from mom & one from dad Chromosomes have areas that code for a gene.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Mendel’s Legacy Chapter 9 Gregor Mendel The study of how.
Genetics Review. Who established modern Genetics? (aka Father of Genetics) Gregor Mendel.
Mendelian Genetics Blue People of Kentucky Methemoglobinemia.
Mendel: Understanding Inheritance Gregor Mendel “The father of genetics”
11.1 Gregor Mendel  Observed traits in offspring when pea plants were cross pollinated (pp )  A parent that was pure for a trait was crossed with.
Genetic Crosses How to predict the probable genetic makeup and appearance of offspring resulting from specified crosses.
Genetics Notes Who is Gregor Mendel? Principle of Independent Assortment – Inheritance of one trait has no effect on the inheritance of another trait “Father.
 Genetics is the study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring.  Heredity is the actual passing of traits from parents to offspring.
CH 9 FUNDAMENTALS OF GENETICS. Genetics  What is it? Define it in your notebook with a partner.  Field of biology devoted to understanding how characteristics.
CH 9 FUNDAMENTALS OF GENETICS. Genetics  What is it?  Define it in your notebook with a partner.  Field of biology devoted to understanding how characteristics.
1 Vocabulary Review GENETICS. 2 Study of how characteristics are transmitted from parent to offspring GENETICS.
 Bozeman VIDEO LESSON.  INTRODUCTION- [0:00-2:04] 1-IDENTIFY: What did Mendel work with? -pea plants 2-EXPLAIN why pea plants are good organisms for.
Genetic Crosses. Homozygous vs. Heterozygous  Recall:  Alleles received by offspring may either be heterozygous or homozygous  Homozyous = two alleles.
The Work of Mendel. Heredity: the passing of traits from parents to offspring Genetics: Study of heredity Traits -inherited characteristics.
Section 1 Mendel’s Legacy Chapter 9 Gregor Mendel The study of how characteristics are transmitted from parents to offspring is called genetics.
Fundamentals of Genetics. Gregor Mendel  Gregor Mendel was a monk in mid 1800’s who discovered how genes were passed on.  He used peas to determine.
Genetics & Heredity. Who was Gregor Mendel? “Father of Genetics”
Fundamentals of Genetics. Early Genetics Gregor Mendel- Austrian monk—mid 1800s “Father of Genetics” - studied garden peas Pisum sativum.
1 Mendelian Genetics. Genetic Terminology copyright cmassengale 2 Heredity – passing of traits from parent to offspring Trait – any characteristic that.
Heredity is the passing of characteristics from parents to offspring Trait – a characteristic that is inherited Example: –Hair color is a characteristic.
Mendel’s Theory Notes. Who is Mendel? Mendel: an Austrian monk who completed a series of genetics experiments on pea plants.
POINT > Review some genetics vocabulary POINT > Define genotype and phenotype POINT > Define homozygous and heterozygous POINT > Use a Punnett Square.
Mendelian Genetics Creating Gametes Probability Genetic Terms.
EQ: HOW DO GENES AND CHROMOSOMES WORK TOGETHER TO DETERMINE AN ORGANISM’S TRAITS? TRAITS AND INHERITANCE.
Heredity - the passing of physical traits from parent to offspring Gregor Mendel - the father of genetics Crossbred pea plants and found that there were.
Introduction to Genetics
Genetics.
Mendel, Heredity and Punnett Squares
Chap 9 : Fundamentals of Genetics
Biology Notes Genetics Part 4 Pages
Heredity and Punnett Squares
Punnett Squares.
GENETICS -2A Gregor Mendel.
Genetics.
Mendelian Genetics Notes
Biology Notes Genetics Part 4 Pages
Genetics.
Biology Notes Genetics Part 4 Pages
Genetics Vocabulary Words to know!.
Unit 8: Mendelian Genetics
Genetics 4-3 Genetics Minute Video: 18 things you should know about yourself! Click the X.
Fundamentals of Genetics
Genetics.
Fundamentals of Genetics
Punnett Square Notes.
Presentation transcript:

Chap 9/11 : Fundamentals of Genetics Mendel -- Gregor Mendel – “Father of Genetics” – worked with pea plants. Discovered inheritance (passing of traits from parents to offspring)

A. Terminology 1. Pure or Strain – trait that’s always passed to offspring. 2. P1 generation – parents 3. F1 generation – 1st filial generation – offspring of P1 4. F2 generation – offspring of F1

B. 3 Principles of inheritance 1. Principle of Dominance and Recessiveness – says that traits that mask other traits are called dominant traits (R) and those that don’t are recessive traits (r). 2. Principle of Segregation – each trait is expressed by 2 factors – one from each parent Ex. RR x rr = Rr (mom) (dad) (offspring)

C. Chromosomes and Genes gene – piece of DNA 3. Principle of Independent Assortment – says traits are independent from each other. Ex. Eye color and hair color are independent of each other. C. Chromosomes and Genes gene – piece of DNA calling for a specific trait – like eye color allele – that form of a gene. Ex. Blue, brown, or green gene chromosome

II. Genetic Crosses A.1. Genotype – genetic makeup of an organism. Expressed with letters. (Rr) 2. Phenotype – physical appearance of an organism (ex. Blue eyes) 3. Homozygous – when both alleles of a pair are the same. (RR or rr) 4. Heterozygous – when the alleles of a pair are not the same. (Rr)

Ex. B- black b - blonde Bb (dad) x bb (mom) Geneotype: Bb bb Phenotype: black blonde heterozygous homo. Rec. Homozygous dominant – BB Homozygous recessive – bb 5. Multiple alleles – when 3 or more alleles control 1 trait. ex. Blood type : A, B, O

18 heads, 32 tails. What is the probability of tossing a head ? 6. Probability – the likelihood of something occurring. #of 1 kind of event / # of events Ex. 50 tosses of coin 18 heads, 32 tails. What is the probability of tossing a head ? 18/50 = 36 % B. Monohybrid crosses – cross between 1 trait

Types of Monohybrid Crosses --- Punnett Square – tool used to predict the probability from genetic crosses. Types of Monohybrid Crosses In rats brown fur is dominant over white fur. If a homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive parent produced offspring, what would be their genotypes and phenotypes ? B- brown b-white BB x bb G: 100% Bb b b P : 100% Brown B Bb Bb

2. If two of the offspring from #1 were mated what would be the outcome ? B- brown b- white Bb x Bb G : 1 BB B b 2 Bb B BB Bb 1 bb b Bb bb P : 3 brown 1 white

R- round r – wrinkled Rr x rr r r R Rr Rr r rr rr 3. In pea seeds round is dominant over wrinkled. If a heterozygous seed is mated with a wrinkled one what percentage would end up wrinkled ? R- round r – wrinkled Rr x rr r r R Rr Rr r rr rr 50 % would be wrinkled

4. Test Cross – used to determine the genotype of a dominant phenotype. In mice red eyes are recessive to blue. A mouse has blue eyes and you want to know if red eyes “run in the family line”, how can you determine this ? --- Perform a test cross – cross the mouse with a homozygous recessive (one with red eyes). B? X bb = ?. If any offspring have red eyes you would know the allele in question was for red eyes.

4. Codominance – when one or more alleles is considered dominant 4. Codominance – when one or more alleles is considered dominant. The result produces a blend of the alleles. Ex. Flower petals exhibit codominance.If a red flower was crossed with a white flower describe the genotype and phenotype of the offspring. R – red R’ – white RR x R’R’ R’ R’ R RR’ RR’ R RR’ RR’ G: all RR’ P : all pink

C. Dihybrid Crosses – cross between individuals that involves 2 different traits. In Peas, round seeds are dominant to wrinkled and yellow is dominant to green. What would be the genotype and phenotye of the offspring of a homo.rec. and homo.dom. parents ? R – round G- yellow r – wrinkled g – green RRGG x rrgg 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

RG(1+3) RG(1+4) RG(2+3) RG(2+4) (1+3) rg RrGg RrGg RrGg RrGg (1+4) rg RrGg (2+3) rg (2+4) rg G : all RrGg P : all round and yellow

Ex. If two offspring from above were to be mated what would be the phenotypes of the offspring ? RrGg x RrGg RG(1+3) Rg(1+4) rG(2+3) rg(2+4) RG RRGG RRGg RrGG RrGg Rg RRGg RRgg RrGg Rrgg rG RrGG RrGg rrGG rrGg rg RrGg Rrgg rrGg rrgg Phenotypes : 9 round and yellow (R_G_) 3 round and green (R_gg) 3 wrinkled and yellow (rrG_) 1 wrinkled and green (rrgg)