1) Congress Party-India’s national political party 2) Muslim League-An organization founded in India to protect Muslim interest 3) Partition–The separation of India into separate Hindu and Muslim nations 4) Jawaharlal Nehru-India’s first prime minister 5) Indira Gandhi-Nehru’s daughter who succeeded him as prime minister of India 6) Rwanda-Small East African nation that has seen large bloodshed between the two main ethnic groups

7)Apartheid- A policy that called for complete separation of races in South Africa 8)African National Congress- A group formed to resist the apartheid policy in South Africa 9)Nelson Mandela- Leader of the African National Congress 10)President de Klerk- President of South Africa who tried to end its isolation 11)Anwar Sadat- Egyptian President who led an attack against the Israelis on Yom Kippur 12) Golda Meir- Israeli prime minister who led an counterattack against Egypt after the Egyptian attack on Yom Kippur

13) Camp David Accords- Ended 30 years of hostilities between Egypt and Israel 14) Yasir Arafat- Chairman of the PLO 15) Mohammed Reza Pahlavi- Shah of Iran following WWII who embraced Western governments 16) Ayatollah Khomeini- Leader of Iran’s religious opposition who opposed the Shah and Western influence 17) PLO- Palestine Liberation Organization 18) Oslo Peace Accords- Agreement between Israel and Palestine that gave Palestine self-rule of the Gaza Strip and West Bank

19) Mujahideen- Afghan rebels or holy warriors who fought against the Soviets 20) Taliban- Afghanistan based group who took control of the country following the Soviet’s withdrawal and installed a radical version of Islamic Law. 21) Saddam Hussein- Iraqi President who was in power for over 20 years 22) Persian Gulf War- A war between Iraq and Kuwait in which Iraq invaded Kuwait in attempt to take over their oil fields 23)Kurds- Kurdish people who have been persecuted all throughout the middle east, the biggest example of this was when Saddam Hussein dropped poison gas on the Kurds killing some 5,000 people