A Healthy Body, Healthy Weight Ms. Pierre’s Health class

What is Body Image Body image is how you view your physical self — including whether you feel you are attractive and whether others like your looks. For many people, especially people in their early teens, body image can be closely linked to self-esteem

Body Types Ectomorph Mesomorph Endomorph

Ectomorph Small “delicate” frame and bone structure Classic “hard-gainer” Flat chest Small shoulders Thin Lean muscle mass Finds it hard to gain weight Fast metabolism

Mesomorph Athletic Generally hard body Well defined muscles Rectangular shaped body Strong Gains muscle easily Gains fat more easily than ectomorphs

Endomorph Soft and round body Gains muscle and fat very easily Is generally short "Stocky" build Round physique Finds it hard to lose fat Slow metabolism Muscles not so well defined

A Combination of Body Types These body types aren’t set in stone. In fact, most guys have a combination of two body types. These combinations are either ectomorph/mesomorph or mesomorph/endomorph. It is not uncommon to find a pure mesomorph that gains weight like an endomorph for example.

What is a Fad Diet ? Popular nutrition Any of a number of weight- reduction diets that either eliminate one or more of the essential food groups, or recommend consumption of one type of food in excess at the expense of other foods; FDs rarely follow modern principles for losing weight.

Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia

Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia nervosa is a complex eating disorder with three key features: 1.refusal to maintain a healthy body weight 2.an intense fear of gaining weight 3.a distorted body image

Anorexia Nervosa There are two types of anorexia. Restricting type of anorexia, weight loss is achieved by restricting calories (following drastic diets, fasting, and exercising to excess Purging type of anorexia, weight loss is achieved by vomiting or using laxatives and diuretics

Signs of Anorexia Nervosa Restriction signs Dieting despite being thin – Following a severely restricted diet. Eating only certain low- calorie foods. Banning “bad” foods such as carbohydrates and fats. Obsession with calories, fat grams, and nutrition – Reading food labels, measuring and weighing portions, keeping a food diary, reading diet books. Pretending to eat or lying about eating – Hiding, playing with, or throwing away food to avoid eating. Making excuses to get out of meals (“I had a huge lunch” or “My stomach isn’t feeling good.”). Preoccupation with food – Constantly thinking about food. Cooking for others, collecting recipes, reading food magazines, or making meal plans while eating very little. Strange or secretive food rituals – Refusing to eat around others or in public places. Eating in rigid, ritualistic ways (e.g. cutting food “just so”, chewing food and spitting it out, using a specific plate). Purging Signs Using diet pills, laxatives, or diuretics – Abusing water pills, herbal appetite suppressants, prescription stimulants, ipecac syrup, and other drugs for weight loss. Throwing up after eating – Frequently disappearing after meals or going to the bathroom. May run the water to disguise sounds of vomiting or reappear smelling like mouthwash or mints. Compulsive exercising – Following a punishing exercise regimen aimed at burning calories. Exercising through injuries, illness, and bad weather. Working out extra hard after bingeing or eating something “bad.”

Physical symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa Dramatic weight loss – Rapid, drastic weight loss with no medical cause. Feeling fat, despite being underweight – You may feel overweight in general or just “too fat” in certain places such as the stomach, hips, or thighs. Fixation on body image – Obsessed with weight, body shape, or clothing size. Frequent weigh-ins and concern over tiny fluctuations in weight. Harshly critical of appearance – Spending a lot of time in front of the mirror checking for flaws. There’s always something to criticize. You’re never thin enough. Denial that you’re too thin – You may deny that your low body weight is a problem, while trying to conceal it (drinking a lot of water before being weighed, wearing baggy or oversized clothes).

Bulimia B ulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating, followed by frantic efforts to avoid gaining weight.

Signs of Bulimia Lack of control over eating – Inability to stop eating. Eating until the point of physical discomfort and pain. Secrecy surrounding eating – Going to the kitchen after everyone else has gone to bed. Going out alone on unexpected food runs. Wanting to eat in privacy. Eating unusually large amounts of food with no obvious change in weight. Disappearance of food, numerous empty wrappers or food containers in the garbage, or hidden stashes of junk food. Alternating between overeating and fasting – Rarely eats normal meals. It’s all-or-nothing when it comes to food.

Physical Symptoms of Bulimia Calluses or scars on the knuckles or hands from sticking fingers down the throat to induce vomiting. Puffy “chipmunk” cheeks caused by repeated vomiting. Discolored teeth from exposure to stomach acid when throwing up. May look yellow, ragged, or clear. Not underweight – Men and women with bulimia are usually normal weight or slightly overweight. Being underweight while purging might indicate a purging type of anorexia. Frequent fluctuations in weight – Weight may fluctuate by 10 pounds or more due to alternating episodes of bingeing and purging.

Maria’s Story Seventeen-year-old Maria has been on one diet or another since she was in junior high. She recently lost 10 pounds from an already slender frame after becoming a strict vegetarian. Her parents are concerned about the weight loss, but Maria insists that she’s just under stress at school. Meanwhile, her vegetarian diet is becoming stricter by the day. Maria obsessively counts calories, measures food portions, and weighs herself at least twice a day. She refuses to eat at restaurants, in the school cafeteria, or anywhere else in public, and she lives on salad dressed with vinegar, rice cakes, and sugar- free Jello. Maria also has a large stash of fat-free candy in her room. She allows herself to indulge as long as she goes for a run right afterwards.

Amy’s Story Once again, Amy is on a liquid diet. “I’m going to stick with it,” she tells herself. “I won’t give in to the cravings this time.” But as the day goes on, Amy’s willpower weakens. All she can think about is food. Finally, she decides to give in to the urge to binge. She can’t control herself any longer. She grabs a pint of ice cream out of the freezer, inhaling it within a matter of minutes. Then it’s on to anything else she can find in the kitchen. After 45 minutes of bingeing, Amy is so stuffed that her stomach feels like it’s going to burst. She’s disgusted with herself and terrified by the thousands of calories she’s consumed. She runs to the bathroom to throw up. Afterwards, she steps on the scale to make sure she hasn’t gained any weight. She vows to start her diet again tomorrow. Tomorrow, it will be different.

Assessment Questions Please answer the following in school space and place in the Healthy weight drop box. 1. Explain why a fad diet is not a healthy nutritional choice. Provide one example. 2. Explain why anorexia nervosa is not a healthy nutritional choice. Provide one example. 3. Explain why bulimia is not healthy nutritional choice. Provide one example.

Resources to help those with Eating disorders disorders/complete-index.shtml disorders/complete-index.shtml eCsbUCFQWCnQodGkYAOA eCsbUCFQWCnQodGkYAOA