What were Oliver Cromwell’s motivations?
Based on your previous work, create a timeline of the life of Oliver Cromwell. You will need to include events from the Civil War, the Commonwealth and the Protectorate. 1628 MP for Huntingdon 1649 Supports trial and execution of the King - January Commands army sent to crush Ireland - August 1650 Commands army sent to crush Scotland - July 1653 Dissolves Parliament - 20th April Becomes Lord Protector - 16th December 1657 Rejects Parliament's offer of the crown and remains Lord Protector, March - June 1658 Dies at Whitehall - 3rd September 1661 Exhumed and posthumously 'executed' - 30th January
Add it to your timeline of Cromwell’s life (in a different colour). Have a look at the letters and portraits. As you study each one, you need to do the following: Add it to your timeline of Cromwell’s life (in a different colour). What does it tell us about Cromwell’s motivations?
British half-crown (1658), bearing head of Cromwell in classical style British half-crown (1658), bearing head of Cromwell in classical style. Inscription: OLIVAR[IVS]·D[EI]·G[RATIA]·R[EI]P[VBLICAE]·ANG[LIAE]·SCO[TIAE]·ET·HIB[ERNIAE]&cPRO[TECTOR] / Oliver, by the grace of God and of the Republic, of England, Scotland, and Ireland etc. Protector.
Cromwell on horseback with London in the background c 1655
Full length portrait of Oliver Cromwell by Walker c 1650
Oliver Cromwell by Sir Peter Lely, c. 1653 Oliver Cromwell by Sir Peter Lely, c.1653. Cromwell famously told Lely to paint him ‘warts and all’.
Cromwell on horseback copied from Van Dyck's painting of Charles I Cromwell on horseback copied from Van Dyck's painting of Charles I. This print, by Pierre Lombart, was produced in several different versions in the 1650s.
Portrait print of Oliver Cromwell c 1652
This picture was painted by Robert Walker in 1649 This picture was painted by Robert Walker in 1649. Walker is known chiefly for his portraits of Cromwell and his circle
Portrait of Oliver Cromwell with chain round neck late 17th or early 18th Century
Consider the following questions ready for discussion: Having looked at the portraits and letters of Cromwell, what do they tell us about his motivations? Colour-code your timeline to show the different motivations e.g. religion, reliance on the army, personal interest Consider the following questions ready for discussion: Do the motivations highlighted in the portraits and letters correspond with the events of Cromwell’s life? Do Cromwell’s motivations change over time? To what extent was Cromwell driven by contemporary events rather than his own personal beliefs?