The Versailles Treaty The Big Three and the Paris Peace Conference

Vittorio Orlando- ITALY  Not treated very nicely by the Big Three; Often ignored and demands not met Why?  Main concern: LAND, LAND, LAND!!!!  Wilson did not want Italy to take over colonies What did he believe the colony’s should have?

Clemenceau- FRANCE  Often known as “The Tiger”  What did he want at the Paris Peace Conference? Why did he want this?

Lloyd George- GREAT BRITAIN  British people wanted to punish Germany He did not agree, but followed anyways Why?  Wants a strong and united Europe  Terrified of communism

Wilson- USA  Wants “Peace without victory”. What does that mean?  14 Points What are they? What is the most important point in Wilson’s opinion? Why?  What do the American people want?

Blame: Who is to blame for the war?  Option 1: GERMANY!!!! Is this fair? Why or why not? Which of the Big Three wants this? Why? How are Germans going to feel about this? What will this lead to?

How much should Germany pay?  Option 2: 6,600,000,000 pounds ($33 billion US dollars)  What is this going to do to the Germany economy?

What should happen to the German military?  Option 1: Reduced to 100,000 men. German navy reduced to 36 ships. No conscription allowed. No tanks, submarines, or aircraft to be built. All wartime weapons to be melted down.  How is this going to impact the German people?  Who do you think wanted this punishment for Germany? Why?

Colonies  Option 2: France and Great Britain split the colonies and territories captured from Germany and Turkey  Who will this anger?  Woodrow Wilson does not agree with this. What does he think the colony’s should have?  Germany’s colonies are no longer able to provide them with income. What impact will this have?

Rhineland  Option 1: The Allies control the area not allowing the German military to have a presence in the area  Why?  What do the Allies hope to gain?

Alsace-Lorraine  Option 1: Returned to France

Saar  Option 1: Give to France for 15 years. The French need coal mines to rebuild after war. Following this time the people of Saar will vote to see if they want to be French or German.  How will this damage Germany?

Poland  Option 3: Become an independent nation- this will cut off East Prussia (Germany) from the rest of Germany. It will have a port to trade with.  Why do they want to cut off parts of Germany?

Danzig  Option 3: Make a free city.  What is it called when citizens are allowed to choose their own government and are given freedom?  Which of the Big Three promotes this idea?

Finland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia  Option 1: To become independent nations.  What is this an example of?  Who did these countries belong to previously?  Why are they going to be given independence?  Who will be mad because of this?

Czechoslovakia  Option 2: Make an independent nation  Who did this country belong to previously?  What is this an example of?

OPTIONS Blame Who should Pay? German Military Colonies Rhineland Alsace- Lorraine Saar Poland Danzig Finland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia Czechoslovakia

German reaction to the Treaty  Germany surrenders Never consulted about terms of Treaty See Treaty only before they are to sign it.  Germans angered Given 2 choices  1. Sign the Treaty or  2. Be invaded by the Allies  German people don’t want to sign, but are not strong enough to start war again German naval forced held North of Scotland will deliberately sink itself in defiance of the Treaty  They signed the Treaty as in reality they had no choice. When the ceremony was over, Clemenceau went out into the gardens of Versailles and said "It is a beautiful day". German reps who signed it were known as the “November Criminals” German people feel as though the Treaty was completely unfair Who will the German people blame? What will this lead to?

World War II

One factor that contributed to the ineffectiveness of the League of Nations was… 1. Breakup of colonial empires in Africa and Asia 2. Decision of the US not to join 3. Opposition of League members to the Treaty of Versailles 4. Rise of the Cold War between the US and USSR Countdown 10 Response Grid

World War I was also known as… Countdown 10 Response Grid 1. The Great War 2. The War to End All Wars 3. The Kaiser’s War 4. All of the Above 5. Both A and B

What was a main goal of the British during the Paris Peace Conference? 1. Peace without victory 2. To maintain their position as a powerful nation 3. To gain land promised to them 4. To crush Germany completely Countdown 10 Response Grid

What was the main goal of the Italians during the Paris Peace Conference? Countdown 10 Response Grid 1. To maintain their position as a powerful nation 2. To gain the land promised to them 3. To crush Germany completely 4. They were not a part of the Peace Conference

True or False: Wilson would view the results of the Versailles Treaty as a success. 1. True 2. False Countdown 10 Response Grid

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