Power Mode Definitions and User Interfaces US TAG - TC 108 / October 4, 2002 Bruce Nordman Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Power Management Controls LBNL: What We Do U.S. Department of Energy National Laboratory Related to TC 108: Codes and Standard (Appliances) E NERGY S TAR Specifications (IT, CE) 1-Watt Standby Power Initiative TC 59: Standby Power Test Procedure User Interface Standard

Power Management Controls UI Background / Rationale Existing Power Management Controls: –Hidden, Confusing (Inconsistent), Absent Power Management Enabling Rates Low Lots of Wasted Energy Poor User Image of Energy Efficiency, Product Quality

Power Management Controls Office Equipment Energy (Annual Electricity — TWh/year) No Power Management Now (E NERGY S TAR ) Potential (100% Enabling) $1.3B $1.9B

Power Management Controls Solution Create broadly similar interfaces for power / power management control across all office equipment and consumer electronics Accomplish this by creating a voluntary standard for interface elements Institutionalize the standard through international standards, industry standards, and marketing to industry Expected Result: Increased enabling rates and use of existing power management capability

Power Management Controls Existing power-related ISO/IEC “Graphical Symbols For Use On Equipment” Few U.S. residents can identify and define many of these

Power Management Controls Structure of Standard Static –Six principles: terms, symbols, indicators –Many overlap with existing standards Dynamic –Nine principles: behavior over time –More akin to design guidelines

Power Management Controls Three Basic States On, Off, Sleep Within a state, device has consistent capability, behavior (e.g. state change) May have more states, but all mapped into forms of the basic three

Power Management Controls The Term “Power” For indicators, switches/buttons Need standard translation Possible “international word” (voice)

Power Management Controls Power Symbols Drop as a symbol. Change meaning of from “Standby” to “Power” –Symbols and/or Indicators

Power Management Controls Indicators Use Green / Amber / Off for On / Sleep / Off Blinking only for transitions or non-power meanings Possible standard (optional) audio indications

Power Management Controls Sleep Metaphor and Symbol “Sleep” is most compelling metaphor, and has clear extensions (e.g. “waking up”). is already common and seems clear

Power Management Controls Hibernate “Hibernate” is a form of “Off” Need a new term - perhaps “off”

Power Management Controls Dynamic Behavior (1)  Use “power up” to mean turn on or wake up, and “power down” for turn off or go to sleep.  Use flashing green on the power indicator for powering up and flashing amber for powering down.  Provide optional audio indications for power state transitions.  Alternating green/amber can be used to mean error if red is not available.

Power Management Controls Dynamic Behavior (2)  The power button toggles between the two most common power states.  When a device is asleep, pressing the power button will (usually) wake it up.  Holding down a power button for an extended time will trigger an emergency action.  Usually, when a device is asleep, the input causing a wake event should be discarded.  Provide icons to show what types of input may be active.

Power Management Controls Moon: Construction This use of moon seems OK re: Islam

Power Management Controls Implications Hardware Protocols (e.g. ACPI, network) Software (Operating Systems, Applications) Labeling (E NERGY S TAR, TCO) Standards –Existing (Symbols, Indicators, Safety, ???) –New (IEEE, general UI)

Power Management Controls What TC 108 Can Do Endorse the merit of a user interface standard (w/ or w/o endorsing its content) Forward the interface standard to all appropriate committees and working groups –TC 3, TC 16, ISO 145, JTC1 35, ??? Consider the terminology for TC 108 standards

Power Management Controls Possible Discussion TC 108 future role Safety aspects of power symbols and indicators IEEE standard role Terminology

Power Management Controls Power Modes Power modes occur in: Consumer usage (colloquial, products) Internal Terminology (interfaces, protocols, etc.) E NERGY S TAR Specifications Standards (test procedures, UI definitions) Other Energy Policy (regulations, energy standards) For each, may vary widely by product type –Office equipment, consumer electronics, etc.

Power Management Controls Power Modes, cont. We should strive towards harmonizing terms, metaphors, and definitions across usage contexts and device types With fast evolution, test procedures need to anticipate future products and technologies and be adaptable With devices commonly connected, standards for the information environment/context need to be part of any test procedures

Power Management Controls Questions/Comments

Power Management Controls PC Sample State Diagram

Power Management Controls

Colors Accessibility re: Color Deficiency Studies for Traffic Signal Lights Can specify LEDs that are accessible