University of Southern California - School of Engineering Corona discharge ignition of premixed flames & applications to pulse detonation engines (& NO.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

General Characteristics of Gas Detectors

Advertisements

Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics Laboratories The Ohio State University OH Laser-Induced Fluorescence Measurements in Nanosecond Pulse Discharge Plasmas Inchul.

Analysis & Selection of Ignition System P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department Strong and Reliable Ignition Ensures Efficient Combustion.

Chapter 3 HV Insulating Materials: Gases Air is the most commonly used insulating material. Gases (incl. air) are normally good as electrical insulating.

Corona discharge ignition of premixed flames Jian-Bang Liu, Paul Ronney, Martin Gundersen University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA

AAS and FES (Ch 10, 7th e, WMDS)

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES LECTURER PROF.Dr. DEMIR BAYKA.

Performance of Ignition Process P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department Effectiveness of Ignition for Efficient Combustion …..

AA and Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy Chapter 9

Research supported by U.S. AFOSR, ONR & DOE Travel supported by the Combustion Institute Flame initiation by nanosecond plasma discharges: Putting some.

What is a Pulse Detonation Engine?

Fusion Physics - Energy Boon or Nuclear Gloom? David Schilter and Shivani Sharma.

1 Efficient streamer plasma generation Guus Pemen, Hans Winands, Liu Zhen, Dorota Pawelek, Bert van Heesch Eindhoven University of Technology, Department.

MULTISCALE SIMULATION OF FUNCTIONALIZATION OF SURFACES USING ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE DISCHARGES * Ananth N. Bhoj a) and Mark J. Kushner b) a) Department of.

Cap stone Session Summary and comments. Challenges and problems Detailed modeling of the Physics Needed to develop optimized concept High temporal and.

Proportional Counters

 Poisson’s equation, continuity equations and surface charge are simultaneously solved using a Newton iteration technique.  Electron energy equation.

STREAMER DYNAMICS IN A MEDIA CONTAINING DUST PARTICLES* Natalia Yu. Babaeva and Mark J. Kushner Iowa State University Department of Electrical and Computer.

STREAMER INITIATION AND PROPAGATION IN WATER WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF BUBBLES AND ELECTRIC FIELD INITIATED RAREFACTION Wei Tian a) and Mark J. Kushner b)

OPTIMIZATION OF O 2 ( 1  ) YIELDS IN PULSED RF FLOWING PLASMAS FOR CHEMICAL OXYGEN IODINE LASERS* Natalia Y. Babaeva, Ramesh Arakoni and Mark J. Kushner.

Electrical Energy. Magnetism and Electricity Magnetism and electrical energy are very closely related: Electricity can create a magnetic field (electromagnets)

Department of Mechanical Engineering ME 322 – Mechanical Engineering Thermodynamics Lecture 27 Gas Power Generation The Brayton Cycle.

Ahmad Aqel Ifseisi Assistant Professor of Analytical Chemistry College of Science, Department of Chemistry King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh

Atomic Emission Spectrometry

Jean-Charles Matéo-Vélez, Frédéric Thivet, Pierre Degond * ONERA - Centre de Toulouse * CNRS - Mathématiques pour l'Industrie et la Physique, Toulouse.

Michael A. Chaszeyka Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics Laboratory Absolute OH Number Density Measurements in Lean Fuel-Air Mixtures Excited by a Repetitively.

EXTROVERTSpace Propulsion 12 Electric Propulsion Continued.

TRIGGERING EXCIMER LASERS BY PHOTOIONIZATION FROM A CORONA DISCHARGE* Zhongmin Xiong and Mark J. Kushner University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI USA.

Means & Methods of Homogeneous Charge Combustion P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department A Sudden Combustion, Yet Needs A Care & takes.

MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELLS ANSALDO FUEL CELLS: Experience & Experimental results Filippo Parodi /Paolo Capobianco (Ansaldo Fuel Cells S.p.A.) Roma, 14th.

The Roles of Atomic Oxygen and Nitric Oxide in Low Temperature Plasmas Sherrie Bowman, David Burnette, Ivan Schkurenkov, Walter Lempert 68 th International.

Photos placed in horizontal position with even amount of white space between photos and header Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory.

Corona Discharge Ignition for Advanced Stationary Natural Gas Engines ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, Long Beach,

Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics Laboratories The Ohio State University Chemi-Ionization and Visible/UV Emission from Supersonic Flows of Combustion Products.

Plasma diagnostics using spectroscopic techniques

GEM: A new concept for electron amplification in gas detectors Contents 1.Introduction 2.Two-step amplification: MWPC combined with GEM 3.Measurement of.

EXCITATION OF O 2 ( 1 Δ) IN PULSED RADIO FREQUENCY FLOWING PLASMAS FOR CHEMICAL IODINE LASERS Natalia Babaeva, Ramesh Arakoni and Mark J. Kushner Iowa.

Ionization Detectors Basic operation

 Plasma backlight generates light using pulsed dielectric barrier discharge  Applied voltage excites xenon atoms in the gas chamber and enables the formation.

Field Mill. Charging by induction Initially neutral Introduce a charge, creating an electric field E.

Damping of the dust particle oscillations at very low neutral pressure M. Pustylnik, N. Ohno, S.Takamura, R. Smirnov.

Shaping the Future Diesel Engine Combustion and Heat Release.

-Plasma can be produced when a laser ionizes gas molecules in a medium -Normally, ordinary gases are transparent to electromagnetic radiation. Why then.

Experimental investigation and nanosecond imaging of streamers T.M.P. Briels, E.M. van Veldhuizen, U. Ebert Workshop Leiden, 9-13 May 2005.

PROPERTIES OF UNIPOLAR DC-PULSED MICROPLASMA ARRAYS AT INTERMEDIATE PRESSURES* Peng Tian a), Chenhui Qu a) and Mark J. Kushner a) a) University of Michigan,

Electric Potential 2 q A C B r A B r path independence a a Rr VQ 4   r Q 4   R.

Electricity. What is Electricity? a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles (such as electrons or protons) either static as an.

Chapter 20 Lecture 35: Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics HW13 (problems):19.3, 19.10, 19.44, 19.75, 20.5, 20.18, 20.28,

EE 2353 HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING Faculty Name :A.JAIBUNISHA Faculty Code : EE 58 Designation : LECTURER Department : EEE.

Design of Ignition System for SI Engines P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department A Successful Ignition leads to Efficient Combustion…

1.  IC engine in which air-fuel ratio isn't equal throughout the cylinder.  Rich mixture is provided close to the spark plug and combustion promotes.

SPES Target Group Data…… INFN-CISAS-CNR collaboration The Ablation Ion Source for refractory metal ion beams A preliminary design.

DC Sputtering Disadvantage #1 Low secondary electron yield

Nazli TURAN, Yavuz Emre KAMIS, Murat CELIK

Seok-geun Lee, Young-hwa An, Y.S. Hwang

Evolution of Spark into Flame Kernel

Sanjana Kerketta , Sriram Subramanian

ArcPIC2D update: Arc spreading through flat emission Kyrre N

ELECTRIC FIELD VECTOR MEASUREMENTS

When an atom gains or loses electrons

Chapter 27 Early Quantum Theory

DOE Plasma Science Center Control of Plasma Kinetics

Basic Principles for Design of Ignition Systems

SURFACE CORONA-BAR DISCHARGES

Lecture №7. 1. The condition of self discharge. 2. Paschen curves. 3. Time of discharge. 4. Gas breakdown in a nonuniform electric field. 5. The emergence.

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING Presented By P.Sindhu Asst.Prof EEE Dept

Presentation transcript:

University of Southern California - School of Engineering Corona discharge ignition of premixed flames & applications to pulse detonation engines (& NO x reduction) Jian-Bang Liu, Paul D. Ronney, Martin Gundersen University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA USA

University of Southern California - School of Engineering Pulse detonation engine concept Nearly constant-volume cycle vs. constant pressure - higher ideal thermodynamic efficiencyNearly constant-volume cycle vs. constant pressure - higher ideal thermodynamic efficiency No mechanical compressor neededNo mechanical compressor needed Can operate from zero to hypersonic Mach numbersCan operate from zero to hypersonic Mach numbers Need rapid ignition and transition to detonation(  high thermal efficiency) and repetition rate (  thrust)Need rapid ignition and transition to detonation(  high thermal efficiency) and repetition rate (  thrust) Conventional ignition sources inadequateConventional ignition sources inadequate

University of Southern California - School of Engineering Deflagation and detonation structure

University of Southern California - School of Engineering Unsuccessful vs. successful ignition

University of Southern California - School of Engineering Our approach - corona discharge CoronaCorona Initial phase of spark discharge - highly conductive (arc) channel not yet formedInitial phase of spark discharge - highly conductive (arc) channel not yet formed High field strengthHigh field strength Multiple streamers of high energy (10s of eV) electronsMultiple streamers of high energy (10s of eV) electrons More efficient use of energy deposited into gasMore efficient use of energy deposited into gas USC-built discharge generator wall-plug efficiency (>50%) far greater than arc or laser sourcesUSC-built discharge generator wall-plug efficiency (>50%) far greater than arc or laser sources Conventional arcConventional arc Single unnecessarily large, high current conductive pathSingle unnecessarily large, high current conductive path Low field strength (like short circuit)Low field strength (like short circuit) Large anode & cathode voltage dropsLarge anode & cathode voltage drops Low energy electrons (1s of eV)Low energy electrons (1s of eV)

University of Southern California - School of Engineering Corona vs. arc discharge Corona phase ( ns) Arc phase (> 500 ns)

University of Southern California - School of Engineering Physical mechanism of electric discharges Electron Avalanche/ Streamer Formation (0-100 ns)Electron Avalanche/ Streamer Formation (0-100 ns) Ion production, UV photons, molecular excited states, electron attachment/detachment...Ion production, UV photons, molecular excited states, electron attachment/detachment... Production of chemically active speciesProduction of chemically active species Ions stationary - no hydrodynamicsIons stationary - no hydrodynamics Charge Neutral Chemistry (500 ns - )Charge Neutral Chemistry (500 ns - ) Plasma chemistry - ions, electrons & neutrals participatePlasma chemistry - ions, electrons & neutrals participate Spatially inhomogeneousSpatially inhomogeneous Flow effects due to ion motionFlow effects due to ion motion

University of Southern California - School of Engineering Corona vs. arc discharges for ignition

University of Southern California - School of Engineering USC corona discharge generator "Inductive adder" circuit "Inductive adder" circuit Pulse shaping to minimize duration, maximize peak power Pulse shaping to minimize duration, maximize peak power Parallel placement of multiple MOSFETs (thyratron replacement) all referenced to ground potential Parallel placement of multiple MOSFETs (thyratron replacement) all referenced to ground potential > 40kV, 40kV, < 100 ns pulse

University of Southern California - School of Engineering Characteristics of corona discharge I max = 24 A V max = 26 kV 100 ns/div P max = 625 kW Discharge terminates during corona phase, before arc phase beginsDischarge terminates during corona phase, before arc phase begins Very low noise & light emission compared to arc with same energy depositionVery low noise & light emission compared to arc with same energy deposition

University of Southern California - School of Engineering Experimental apparatus for corona ignition

University of Southern California - School of Engineering Images of corona discharge & flame Radial view of discharge Axial view of discharge & flame (6.5% CH 4 -air, 33 ms between images)

University of Southern California - School of Engineering Characteristics of corona discharges “Optimal” energy above which ignition properties are nearly constant

University of Southern California - School of Engineering Ignition delay & rise time comparisons Both ignition delay time (0 - 10% of peak P) & rise time (10% - 90% of peak P) ≈ 3x smaller with corona ignition (constant-volume combustion chamber, “optimal” energy)

University of Southern California - School of Engineering Pressure effects Results similar or even better at reduced pressure - useful for high-altitude ignition

University of Southern California - School of Engineering Other application - NO removal Diesel engine exhaustDiesel engine exhaust Needle/plane corona discharge (20 kV, 30 nsec pulse)Needle/plane corona discharge (20 kV, 30 nsec pulse) Lower left: before pulseLower left: before pulse Lower right: 10 ms after pulseLower right: 10 ms after pulse Upper: difference, showing single- pulse destruction of NO (≈ 40%)Upper: difference, showing single- pulse destruction of NO (≈ 40%)

University of Southern California - School of Engineering NO–Plasma Interactions Energy efficient: ≈ 10eV/molecule or less possibleEnergy efficient: ≈ 10eV/molecule or less possible Corresponds to 0.2 % of fuel energy input per 100 ppm NO destroyedCorresponds to 0.2 % of fuel energy input per 100 ppm NO destroyed

University of Southern California - School of EngineeringConclusions Corona ignition is a promising approach to ignition in Pulse Detonation EnginesCorona ignition is a promising approach to ignition in Pulse Detonation Engines More energy efficient than arc dischargesMore energy efficient than arc discharges More rapid ignition & transition to detonationMore rapid ignition & transition to detonation Coaxial geometry convenient for corona discharges, easily integrated into PDEsCoaxial geometry convenient for corona discharges, easily integrated into PDEs Reasons for improvements not well understoodReasons for improvements not well understood Geometrical - more ignition sites?Geometrical - more ignition sites? Chemical effects - more efficient use of electron energy?Chemical effects - more efficient use of electron energy?

University of Southern California - School of Engineering Future work - opportunities Application to lean-burn internal combustion enginesApplication to lean-burn internal combustion engines Electrostatic sprays charged with corona dischargesElectrostatic sprays charged with corona discharges Modelling of chemical reactions between ions/electrons/neutralsModelling of chemical reactions between ions/electrons/neutrals Integration into PDE test facility (initial results at U. S. Naval Postgraduate School very promising)Integration into PDE test facility (initial results at U. S. Naval Postgraduate School very promising)