Tecnofire® Effective Fire Protection Solutions Dan Frechette Technical Fibre Products

Company Profile Part of James Cropper plc Advanced materials group Established 1845 Leading manufacturer of high performance nonwovens Supply into aerospace, automotive and industrial markets Head Office in Burneside, UK 505 employees worldwide 3 manufacturing & converting sites Listed on the London Stock Exchange

TFP Product Range Optiveil® Tecnofire® Optimat® 2 g/m² - 34 g/m² Designed for composites Resin and process compatibility Broad range of fiber types Tecnofire® Intumescent fire protection Expands uni-directionally up to 35 times thickness Insulates underlying structure from heat energy Optimat® 35 g/m² - 400 g/m² Designed for composites Resin & process compatibility Broad range of fiber types High Temperature Insulation Effective insulation from 500-1600°C Broad range of fibers – glass, mineral, AES, alumina Converted Product Custom cut shapes Powder scatter Hybrid products SAB & foil backed materials Cryogenic Insulation Spacer tissues for cryogenic superinsulation Used in liquid oxygen & nitrogen vessels

Tecnofire® - Passive Fire Protection Tecnofire® is a range of high quality intumescent passive fire protection materials Tecnofire® mats are activated by heat (190°C +) Expand uni-directionally up to 35 times thickness An exceptionally stable insulative char is produced Protects underlying structure from fire & heat Key application areas: Composites Gap filling 100°C 250°C 400°C

Tecnofire® in Composites Resin-infusible grades for surface protection in composite structures

Tecnofire® in Composite Buses Extra fire protection required in doors & wheel wells for example NABI buses built in Hungary: Vinyl ester resins via a SCRIMP process Composite panels meet ASTM E119 30 min burn through criteria 30’ Bus Molded Section An alternative to brominated gel coats Meeting fire codes without using halogens

Tecnofire® in Composite Bridges Whitestone Bridge The Bronx, New York City Steel wind fairings replaced by FRP to reduce the load on the bridge by 6000 tonnes – designed by Gurit and manufactured in the USA The new fairings covered 20,000m² and were the biggest use of composites in infrastructure at the time (2003) Each fairing faced with Tecnofire®

Tecnofire® In Composites Specially developed resin infusible grades available E.g. ATH for smoke and flame spread suppression Suitable for processing using a selection of standard composite fabrication techniques Pultrusion, hand lay-up, vacuum bagging, pre-pregging, mandrel wrapping… Protective layer can be placed close to the fire risk to maximize performance with minimal added weight Reduce the need for additives & FR resins in the bulk of the composite

Gap Filling Applications - Construction Original applications in construction e.g. Pipe wraps and collars Door edge seals Glazing seals Joint seals for building panel systems Grilles and vents Ironmongery protection Linear gap seals Etc. Tecnofire® can be supplied in rolls, sheets, narrow coils or cut to shapes

Gap Filling Applications – Fire Doors Tecnofire® 2000 and 2006 Infused with epoxy resin to create a compressed stable laminate “Stick-on” fire protection for multiple materials Mostly used in fire doors where it is suitable for automated construction techniques “Edge banding” a composite return to traditional “gap filling applications” Intertek certified as part of a fire door assembly UL10C & NFPA 252

Fire Tests Involving Tecnofire®

Fire Tests Involving Tecnofire® Typically controlled by a time/temperature curve and quantify pass/fail requirements

Fire Tests Involving Tecnofire® ASTM E162 - Surface Burn/Flame Spread ASTM E662 - Smoke Generation ASTM E1966 - Integrity Burn  Movement and Load- bearing Ability Post Burn ASTM E136 - Combustion characteristics ASTM E84* - Surface Burn Flame Spread & Smoke ASTM E119 - Furnace Burn  Heat Transfer/Burn Through * We can supply official test results

Fire Tests Involving Tecnofire® UL 10C* - Positive Pressure  Fire Door Assemblies w/Hose Stream UL 1709 - Furnace Burn  Structural Steel; Rapid Rise NFPA 285 - Flame Spread  Wall Assemblies (Exterior) NFPA 286 - Flame Spread Wall Assemblies (Interior) aka. Corner Room Test FAA (FAR) - Interior composite panels (galley) * we can supply official test results

Tecnofire® - Full Scale Testing E-84 Flame Spread (FSI) and Smoke Developed Index (SDI) Test Test to measure flame propagation (spread) and how much smoke develops during burn phase. Tecnofire passed resoundingly, top 1%!

Tecnofire® - E84 Fire Test 3 grades of Tecnofire® have been E84 tested ASTM E84-11a test is a standard test for evaluating the surface flame spread and smoke development characteristics of building materials The Flame Spread Index (FSI) and Smoke Developed Index (SDI) are measured as part of the testing and form key criteria in the classification of materials The 2009 International Building Code® sets out the criteria for Classes A, B and C:

Tecnofire® - E84 Fire Test The results from the testing were: MATERIAL FLAME SPREAD INDEX (FSI) SMOKE DEVELOPED INDEX (SDI) CLASSIFICATION T6594-03 5 A T6606-00 15 67152F 30 The 3 Tecnofire® grades tested achieved a CLASS A rating for use in walls and ceilings & plenums

Tecnofire®- Indicative Testing Cone Calorimeter Testing – Heat Release Rate ASTM E1354: Analyzes the behavior of products and materials when exposed to heat and an ignition source. Based on Heat Release Rate science

Tecnofire® - Indicative Testing Firewall Tested at University of Alabama Cold Side temperature analysis, similar to ASTM E-119. Measuring Heat Transfer through a wall

ASTM E-136 Combustibility Testing Tecnofire® - Testing ASTM E-136 Combustibility Testing

Tecnofire® - Indicative A-60 Testing Fire ‘Below Deck’ Simulation Ex. IMO (International Maritime Organization)  A-60 Test for Bulkheads and Decking

Tecnofire® - Indicative E-119 Test ‘Hand’s On’ Involvement!

Tecnofire® - Full Scale E-119 Test (20 Min) Architectural Testing Inc. – York, PA

Tecnofire® with carbon scrim 58 minutes & excellent char formation UL1709 (Rapid Rise) 2000F Tecnofire® with carbon scrim UL1709 Results: 58 minutes & excellent char formation

Edge Effects Edges are usually a weak area of the panel and the first to go in a fire test Tecnofire® achieved 90 minutes with hose stream – UL10C positive pressure

New Developments – Conductive Tecnofire® Tecnofire® with added conductive fibers such as carbon or metal coated carbon Provides an EMI shield or static safe surface in addition to the fire protection Described in GB1116696.4 – granted 2013 If connected to an electrical power source it can be remotely activated without a flame

New Developments – Thermoplastics Tecnofire® with higher initiation temperature 425-450°F (220 – 230°C) Suitable for thermoplastic composites PP and PE, for example Twintex Main applications – temporary buildings, emergency shelters Tecnofire® has good adhesion to polyolefins

New Developments – Aerospace Lighter / thinner Tecnofire® Mostly on a carbon fiber base Improves FST in aerospace composites Ceramic Fiber/Tecnofire Laminate Pending Publication: INVESTIGATIONS INTO LIGHTWEIGHT SOLUTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF FST PROPERTIES OF EPOXY COMPOSITES Author: Patricia Parlevliet - EADS innovation works - Munich Conference: ECCM16, Seville, Spain, 22-26 June 2014

New Developments – Lamination Laminator allows bonding of dissimilar materials Examples: Tecnofire® with self adhesive backing (SAB) Tecnofire® with insulating (non expanding) materials Tecnofire® with reinforcing fabrics – multiaxials, wovens Tecnofire® with foils or films Powder scattered adhesive bonds layers and maintains permeability for subsequent infusion

In Summary Tecnofire® is a range of highly effective passive fire protection materials The range includes products suitable for use in composites Provides fire protection without the detriment to structural integrity or toxicity issues associated with competing solutions Tecnofire® has passed a broad range of fire tests New Tecnofire® materials can be developed to meet specific performance or processing requirements

Performance. Quality. Choice. Functional nonwovens designed to deliver optimum performance and processing benefit. Performance. Quality. Choice.