Fibers All content taken from Wikipedia

Dye Fabrics Lab Before the dye 1. How many Sections do you notice? 2. Do you think the warp and weft are the same material in each section or different? 3. How do you think the dye will be absorbed? (same or different in each section) EXPLAIN! After the dye 1. How many Sections do you notice? 2. Do you think the warp and weft are the same material in each section or different? 3. How was the dye absorbed? (same or different in each section) EXPLAIN! Purpose: ? Questions: (write each question and answer in complete sentences) Conclusion: Research the maker, purpose, uses, etc for each of the types of fabric in the sample we dyed today.

Dyed Fabric Acetate SEF (self extinguishing fabric) Arnel (bright) Bleached Cotton Cresian 61 Dacron 54 Dacron 64 Nylon 66 Orlon 78 Spun Silk Polypropylene Viscose Wool

Cotton Cotton fiber consists of nearly pure cellulose, a natural polymer Cotton fiber consists of nearly pure cellulose, a natural polymer The cellulose is arranged in a way that gives cotton fibers a high degree of strength, durability, and absorbency The cellulose is arranged in a way that gives cotton fibers a high degree of strength, durability, and absorbency Each fiber is made up of twenty to thirty layers of cellulose coiled in a neat series of natural springs. When the cotton boll is opened, the fibers dry into flat, twisted, ribbon-like shapes and become kinked together and interlocked. This interlocked form is ideal for spinning into a fine yarn. Each fiber is made up of twenty to thirty layers of cellulose coiled in a neat series of natural springs. When the cotton boll is opened, the fibers dry into flat, twisted, ribbon-like shapes and become kinked together and interlocked. This interlocked form is ideal for spinning into a fine yarn.

Linen generic term to describe a class of woven bed, bath, table and kitchen textiles because traditionally linen was so widely used for towels, sheets, lightweight undergarments such as shirts, chemises, waistshirts, lingerie, and detachable shirt collars and cuffs, etc generic term to describe a class of woven bed, bath, table and kitchen textiles because traditionally linen was so widely used for towels, sheets, lightweight undergarments such as shirts, chemises, waistshirts, lingerie, and detachable shirt collars and cuffs, etc strongest of the vegetable fibers with 2 to 3 times the strength of cotton strongest of the vegetable fibers with 2 to 3 times the strength of cotton characteristic often associated with linen yarn is the presence of "slubs", or small knots that occur randomly along its length. However, these are actually defects associated with low quality. The finest linen has very consistent diameter threads with no slubs characteristic often associated with linen yarn is the presence of "slubs", or small knots that occur randomly along its length. However, these are actually defects associated with low quality. The finest linen has very consistent diameter threads with no slubs

Silk natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles Silk fibers have a triangular cross section with rounded corners. This allows light to hit at many different angles, so silk is a bright fiber and has a natural shine. It has a smooth, soft texture that is not slippery, unlike many synthetic fibers. Silk fibers have a triangular cross section with rounded corners. This allows light to hit at many different angles, so silk is a bright fiber and has a natural shine. It has a smooth, soft texture that is not slippery, unlike many synthetic fibers. Silk is a poor conductor of electricity and thus susceptible to static cling Silk is a poor conductor of electricity and thus susceptible to static cling

Wool A fiber derived from the fur of animals of mainly sheep A fiber derived from the fur of animals of mainly sheep Wool's scaling and crimp make it easier to spin the fleece. They help the individual fibers attach to each other so that they stay together. Because of the crimp, wool fabrics have a greater bulk than other textiles and retain air, which causes the product to retain heat Wool's scaling and crimp make it easier to spin the fleece. They help the individual fibers attach to each other so that they stay together. Because of the crimp, wool fabrics have a greater bulk than other textiles and retain air, which causes the product to retain heat Wool possesses much greater ability to return to its natural length after being stretched than any artificial fiber Wool possesses much greater ability to return to its natural length after being stretched than any artificial fiber In water or steam, wool can stretch to about twice its length without breaking In water or steam, wool can stretch to about twice its length without breaking Sheep Wool, Goat Hair, Cashmere and Waste

Acetate Cellulose acetate or acetate rayon fiber (1924) is one of the earliest synthetic fibers and is based on cotton or tree pulp cellulose Cellulose acetate or acetate rayon fiber (1924) is one of the earliest synthetic fibers and is based on cotton or tree pulp cellulose low in cost and has good draping qualities low in cost and has good draping qualities used in fabrics such as satins, brocades, and taffetas to accentuate luster, body, drape and beauty used in fabrics such as satins, brocades, and taffetas to accentuate luster, body, drape and beauty acetate fibers are hypoallergenic acetate fibers are hypoallergenic

Acrylic Acrylic is lightweight, soft, and warm, with a wool-like feel Acrylic is lightweight, soft, and warm, with a wool-like feel dyes very well and has excellent colorfastness. It is resilient, retains its shape, and resists shrinkage and wrinkles dyes very well and has excellent colorfastness. It is resilient, retains its shape, and resists shrinkage and wrinkles uses include sweaters, hand-knitting yarns, rugs, awnings, boat covers, and beanies uses include sweaters, hand-knitting yarns, rugs, awnings, boat covers, and beanies

Nylon synthetic thermoplastic fiber (Nylon melts/glazes easily at relatively low temperatures) synthetic thermoplastic fiber (Nylon melts/glazes easily at relatively low temperatures) filaments are generally completely transparent unless they have been delustered or solution dyed (look like glass rods) filaments are generally completely transparent unless they have been delustered or solution dyed (look like glass rods) Nylon is related chemically to the protein fibers silk and wool Nylon is related chemically to the protein fibers silk and wool Highly resilient (nylon fabrics are heat-set) and paved the way for easy-care garments Highly resilient (nylon fabrics are heat-set) and paved the way for easy-care garments Spandex

Polyester "less natural" feel when compared to similarly woven fabrics made from natural fibers, e.g., cotton "less natural" feel when compared to similarly woven fabrics made from natural fibers, e.g., cotton Polyester fiberfill is also used to stuff pillows, comforters and cushion padding Polyester fiberfill is also used to stuff pillows, comforters and cushion padding improved wrinkle resistance improved wrinkle resistance Dacron ® Dacron ®

Rayon (Viscose) regenerated cellulosic fiber so rayon is produced from naturally occurring polymers and therefore it is not a truly synthetic fiber, nor is it a natural fiber regenerated cellulosic fiber so rayon is produced from naturally occurring polymers and therefore it is not a truly synthetic fiber, nor is it a natural fiber Rayon is a very versatile fiber and has the same comfort properties as natural fibers. It can imitate the feel and texture of silk, wool, cotton and linen. The fibers are easily dyed in a wide range of colors. Rayon fabrics are soft, smooth, cool, comfortable, and highly absorbent, but they do not insulate body heat, making them ideal for use in hot and humid climates Rayon is a very versatile fiber and has the same comfort properties as natural fibers. It can imitate the feel and texture of silk, wool, cotton and linen. The fibers are easily dyed in a wide range of colors. Rayon fabrics are soft, smooth, cool, comfortable, and highly absorbent, but they do not insulate body heat, making them ideal for use in hot and humid climates ChenilleSewing Thread

Rayon Pictures A sample of rayon from a skirt, photographed with a macro lens.macro lens Another skirt with a different texture. A blouse with a texture similar to the second.

Olefin synthetic fiber made from alkenes synthetic fiber made from alkenes used various textiles as well as clothing, upholstery, wallpaper, ropes, and vehicle interiors used various textiles as well as clothing, upholstery, wallpaper, ropes, and vehicle interiors Olefin is also referred to as polypropylene, polyethylene, or polyolefin Olefin is also referred to as polypropylene, polyethylene, or polyolefin Olefin is abrasion, stain, sunlight, and chemical resistant. It does not dye well, Olefin is abrasion, stain, sunlight, and chemical resistant. It does not dye well, Hammocks and berber carpet

Olefin Uses Apparel Apparel Sports & active wear, socks, thermal underwear; lining fabrics. Sports & active wear, socks, thermal underwear; lining fabrics. Home Furnishing Home Furnishing can be used by itself or in blends for indoor and outdoor carpets and carpet tiles, carpet backing. The fiber can also be used in upholstery, draperies, wall coverings, slipcovers, and floor coverings. can be used by itself or in blends for indoor and outdoor carpets and carpet tiles, carpet backing. The fiber can also be used in upholstery, draperies, wall coverings, slipcovers, and floor coverings. Automotive Automotive interior fabrics, sun visors, arm rests, door and side panels, trunks, parcel shelfs, and resin replacement as binder fibers, interior fabrics, sun visors, arm rests, door and side panels, trunks, parcel shelfs, and resin replacement as binder fibers, Industrial Industrial In an industrial setting, olefin creates carpets; ropes, geo-textiles that are in contact with the soil, filter fabrics, bagging, concrete reinforcement, and heat-sealable paper (e.g. tea- and coffee- bags). In an industrial setting, olefin creates carpets; ropes, geo-textiles that are in contact with the soil, filter fabrics, bagging, concrete reinforcement, and heat-sealable paper (e.g. tea- and coffee- bags).

Fiberglass Glass fiber is formed when thin strands of silica-based or other formulation glass is extruded into many fibers with small diameters suitable for textile processing Glass fiber is formed when thin strands of silica-based or other formulation glass is extruded into many fibers with small diameters suitable for textile processing uses for regular fiber glass are mats, building insulation, thermal insulation, reinforcement, heat resistant fabrics, corrosion resistant fabrics, high strength fabrics, aircraft bodies, cars and boat frames. uses for regular fiber glass are mats, building insulation, thermal insulation, reinforcement, heat resistant fabrics, corrosion resistant fabrics, high strength fabrics, aircraft bodies, cars and boat frames. A famous user in the UK was the Reliant Motor Company, which used fiberglass for many of its vehicles. Fiberglass is also used in orthopedic casts as an alternative to plaster casts A famous user in the UK was the Reliant Motor Company, which used fiberglass for many of its vehicles. Fiberglass is also used in orthopedic casts as an alternative to plaster casts

Polypropylene thermoplastic fibers derived from olefins thermoplastic fibers derived from olefins Low moisture absorption Low moisture absorption Stain and soil resistant Stain and soil resistant Lowest static component of any man-made fiber Lowest static component of any man-made fiber Sunlight resistant Sunlight resistant Good washability, quick drying, unique wicking Good washability, quick drying, unique wicking Resilient, moldable, very comfortable Resilient, moldable, very comfortable one key disadvantage is that it is flammable one key disadvantage is that it is flammable fiber for carpet and upholstery and automobile interior fabrics fiber for carpet and upholstery and automobile interior fabrics Awnings and electric tape