5/14/20151 Week 1 Technology, History and Characteristics of Paper

5/14/20152 Content  History of paper  Hand made paper  Machine paper making

5/14/20153 Physical format of information:-  Stone table  Clay table (Rome)  Wood  Wood Skin/Leaf  Animal skins  Paper  Vallum  Parchment  Photography  Microfilm  Tapes  CD  Multimedia

5/14/20154 History of paper  Fiber – Pulp, cotton. Wood or rug is added with sugar, carbohydrate = 70% cellulose + lignin (organic acid) = paper  All the ingredients are blended together with water and pounded until soft and tender.  Then it is sieve (tapis) with framed linen.  The fiber will be left on the framed linen. It will then be left to dry under the sun.  Once dried, they are cut into pieces.

5/14/20155 Continue  The knowledge of paper making is widely spread all over the world. It begun in China to Japan the to India and Europe.  From Arabic country, the knowledge all through Spain in 12 th century.

5/14/20156 Continue  Early paper making in China was made from hemp straw (fiber from moraceous tree) – cannabis, marijuana, bhang, hashis  Ropes, net and small pieces of linen.

5/14/20157 Continue  Paper was first made in China by Tsai-Lun in AD 105.  The physical paper was a rough fiber that was 2000 years old.

5/14/20158 Machine Paper Making  Due to the high demand of paper in the 15 th century, printing technology was created.  Hollander (beating engine) was invented to replace the mortars (lesung untuk menghancur bahan-bahan mentah- proses pembuatan awal kertas).  In 1800, paper making machine Fourdrinier was invented. It can produce 2, 000 square foot paper per minute.

5/14/20159 Continue  It is form from flax (linen) and hemp. Later it was replaced with cotton and esparto (grass).

5/14/ Process of Machine Paper Making Fiber Pulp Fluffy fiber (kekabu) Cotton Wood Straw + Soda + Sulphur + Chlorine + Alum + Rosin + 70% cellulose + acid organic

5/14/ Recycled Paper  No quality and are not strong  Short fiber and no added chemical  Changes in the paper PH but did not change the size of the fiber

5/14/ Types of ink  ‘lead’ pencils  Carbon inks  Iron gall inks  Aniline dye inks  Ballpoint pen inks  Hyperwriter inks  Ink jet  Laser printer toner

5/14/ Modern documents  Magnetic tape  Microgroove record  CD  Film  Microfilm

5/14/ Microgroove Record  Piring hitam - LP  Made of PVC/PVA  Invented in 1948  Format – single 7”  Information is encoded on the surface as in circle  The pressure of the needle need to be control