William Feathergail Wilson, PG # 21

Groundwater age dating Geologic flow concepts Geochemical analytics Multiple correlation factors Vertical & horizontal flow Local & regional factors Aquifers & aquitards Climate past and present Carbonates and clastics Structural factors Diagenesis Very small recharge

Surface and groundwater Both over allocated Demand exceeds supply Texas will double its population IH-35 Corridor

Growth will cease without water IH-35 Corridor San Antonio Austin Belton-Temple Everything in between

Edwards Plateau covers ~ 40 counties Provides ~ 90% of all spring flow for Hill Country rivers and streams Two primary units Edwards carbonates Hensell sands

A thin line Balcones Fault Zone Highly permeable Cavernous Rapid recharge Large springs Del Rio Bracketville San Antonio New Braunfels San Marcos

Major Gulf Coastal Plain aquifer couplet Major export targets for the IH-35 corridor Gonzales County Bastrop County Lee County SE Caldwell County $1 million/mile pipelines Growing political controversies (water wars) Demand exceeds supply Alternatives? Hosston Desalination

Hosston sands and gravels 500-1,000 mg/liter TDS Drilling depths 3,200’ Bell Co. test Taylor city well Test well ~ $400,000 Production well ~ $1.2 million Compare to $400 million cost Pipeline Drilling Imports

Population of Texas will double by 2050 Texas Hill Country growth-demand IH-35 Corridor – no more local groundwater Pipeline transport demand & issues $1 million/mile Landowner resistance Shale gas demand: 3-5 million gallons/well – may drill >30,000 wells in south central Texas

 San Antonio to Belton IH-35 corridor water demand exceeds supply  Fastest growing area in Texas  Alternative supplies  Desalination ▪ Edwards ▪ Hosston ▪ Sea water  Import water  Drill a Hosston test well