Lecture 6 Bus Rapid Transit, design elements and operational issues Dr. Muhammad Adnan

Design Elements Corridor Demarcation Ridership Consideration Bus-type selection Alignment and cross-sectional elements Priority Junctions Bus Stop Location and its Design Scheduling and Fleet Size Fare and its collection system BRT Terminal Location

Corridor Demarcation Result of a Macro-level Planning Model – Four stage Modelling process Largely dependent on Potential Ridership Future Consideration (LRT system Line-Feeder)

Corridor Demarcation Yellow Line – Dawood Chowrangi (Korangi/Landhi Industrial Area) to Numaish Chowrangi through locations such as Qayyumabad Junction, FTC Flyover, Shahra-e- Quaideen) -General Guidelines from Authorities Should be aligned alongside Road Median Stations utilizing built-up median space Articulated Buses (18m length) with off-board Fare collection

Alignment Features; – Identification of stretches for Separate ROW based on situational analysis or Recky survey – Identification of stretches for operation in mixed traffic based on situational analysis or Recky survey – Proposed Developments in future – Stretches of Bus Weaving (Left to Right lanes or vice versa)[AASHTOO recommendation: 250m length availability in congested conditions] – Signal Priority Junctions Identification

RUNNING WAY TYPE Outer Exclusive Lanes Median Exclusive Lanes Elevated Corridor Median Exclusive BRTS Lane Outer Exclusive Lanes Median BRTS ELEVATED LANES Elevated Corridor Exclusive BRTS Lanes Median Exclusive Lanes (At-Grade)

RUNNING WAY SEPARATION Lane marking Curb stones Barrier with Fence BRTS Lane Lane Marking BRTS Lane Mixed Traffic Lanes BRTS Lane Raised Curbstones BRTS Lane Mixed Traffic Lanes BRTS Lane Barrier / Fence BRTS Lane Mixed Traffic Lanes

Barrier / Fence Options 2.0 m Normal NJ Barrier 1.2 m Fence 0.6 m Cost per M = Rs. 15, m Mini Barrier 1.6 m Fence 0.6 m Cost per M = Rs. 16, m 0.6 m Cost per M = Rs. 16,600 Curb Stone Option-1, Fence with Normal Barrier Option-2, Fence with Mini Barrier Option-3, Fence with Curb Stone 1.2 m 0.8 m 2.0 m 1.6 m 0.4 m 0.2 m 1.8 m Fence

STATION LOCATION STATION Curb Side Station STATION Mixed Traffic Lanes BRTS Lane Mixed Traffic Lanes STATION Median Side Station Mixed Traffic Lanes BRTS Lane Mixed Traffic Lanes BRTS Lane

Curb-side station (2 platforms)Median station (1 platform)  This configuration enables straight flow without bulging for the bus lanes.  Bus lanes have to bulge around median station  Provision of curb side stations leave one lane free for overtaking.  Overtaking is not possible without the provision of an extra lane at the station  Two different platforms have to be provided at every station which increases and maintenance cost.  A single platform involves less infrastructure and maintenance cost.  Separate stations reduce overall passenger friction and results in increased boarding and alighting efficiency.  Single platform increases passenger movement conflicts within station.  Normal passenger buses can also utilize transit corridor enhancing flexibility and allowing phased operation.  Only special BRT buses with doors on right side can use the corridor. COMPARISION OF STATION LOCATION

LOW FLOOR BUS (+ 0.3 m)HIGH FLOOR BUS (+0.9 m)  Low floor buses 1.5~2.0 times costlier than High floor buses.  Wastages of standees space due to wheel block cut out.  Low Floor buses may easily get inundated while passing flooded street during rains.  Separate emergency door required while stopping away from stations. COMPARISION OF VEHICLE FLOOR HEIGHT