CORRIDOR STRATEGIES AND SUB-REGIONAL INTERESTS Tamás Fleischer Institute for World Economics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences “EU projects- Trans European Corridors” Session 5: “Assessment of EU Strategies and Sub-regional projects (roundtable)” “Energy and Transport Issues in Europe’s Four Sea Basins” Center of European Studies at the Middle East Technical University, CES-METU Ankara, January 21-22, 2010.

4 Personal message from a land-locked country 4 EU cooperation areas: mainly sea-side cooperation… 4 …but differently handled in the eastern side of Europe 4 Transport corridors: important internal interconnecting elements… 4 …but differently handled in the eastern side of Europe 4 Summary: the good internal links must offer the basis of the local development CORRIDOR STRATEGIES AND SUB-REGIONAL INTERESTS

INTERREG III.B cooperation areas Mainly sea gulfs, sea shores were determining the co- operating areas in the north and western part of the continent Source: Zonneveld, Wil (2005) Expansive Spatial Planning: The New European Transnational Spatial Visions. European Planning Studies, Vol.13. No.1. pp Co-operation areas

Source: INTERREG areas. policy/interreg3/images/pdf/int3b_uk_a4p.pdfhttp://europa.eu.int/comm/regional_ policy/interre INTERREG III.B ( ) cooperation areas CADSES = Central European, Adriatic, Danubian and South-Eastern European cooperation area. All those areas were swept together, that were remote and unimportant from the point of „Brussels” Non-cooperating Co-operation areas

Forrás: INTERREG térségek. INTERREG III.B ( ) cooperation areas CADSES = Central European, Adriatic, Danubian and South-Eastern European cooperation area. Co-operation areas

4 The Danube watershed covers the landlocked regions of the CADSES area The Danube watershed basin

TRANSPORT CORRIDORS TEN-T, PEC, PETRA, TINA, TIRS, REBIS ETC. Tamás Fleischer “EU projects- Trans European Corridors” Session 5: “Assessment of EU Strategies and Sub-regional projects (roundtable)” “Energy and Transport Issues in Europe’s Four Sea Basins” Center of European Studies at the Middle East Technical University, CES-METU Ankara, January 21-22, 2010.

European perspective Source: Az országos közúthálózat évekre szóló-fejlesztési programja 1991, KHVM. Road numbering since 1975 – the first signal of corridors

4 What does the eastern extension of the grid of the TEN means? European perspective

4 Eastern extension of the grid of the TEN European perspective

4 Eastern extension European perspective

4 Eastern extension of the east-west corridors European perspective ?

4 Eastern extension of the east-west corridors European perspective ?

Source: The Helsinki-, or Pan-European transport corridors European perspective ?

…and so an that is: 4 The European Union evolved an overlapping TEN (Trans-European Network) on the basis of the transport network of its 12 (15) countries in the late 1980s, and in 1992 it was fixed in the transport policy ( CTP ) and the Basic Treaty of the Union. 4 Since that time the entire network has been pushed into the background in the documentations, and there is mostly talk about the building of 14 projects (1996), ( and 30 projects ( ) after the expansion of the list ). 4 The PEC (Pan-European Corridors) tried to cover the eastern part of Europe by extending the east-west corridors of the TEN (1994, 1997) and added also four Pan-European Transport Areas PETRAs 4 The TINA process (valid for the territory of the acceding countries of the two major eastern enlargement) retained the PEC as primary network, but it made possible the inclusion of secondary corridors and increasing the density of corridors (1995–1999).. 4 The TIRS process involving seven Balkan countries regarded the PEC and TINA corridors as starting points, and supplemented the latter ones towards five more countries (2002).

…and so an that is: 4 The REBIS has once again surveyed the latter five countries and though it did not revise the results of earlier processes, reconsidered each of the elements of the TIRS supplementary networks involving the five countries and made recommendations for the comprehensive transport networks of the REBIS space (2003). 4 The project-oriented approach dominates in the entire process, including the changes of the TEN -network of the Fifteen from the early 1990s on, and the network is almost exclusively influenced by the financing possibilities of the elemental projects 4 The 2004 revision of the TEN network missed to consider the actual function and continental structure of an overlapping network in the context of the enlarged Europe. Instead the former structures were preserved (strengthened) that have developed within the national borders (The document even missed to determine the TEN-T network that is valid after the extension of the EU on the ) 4 As a consequence, and because of the radial piecemeal mending of the TEN -structure initially formed, the developing network further strengthens the dominance of more developed spaces instead of an open grill network that would promote equalisation on European scale

Green Paper TEN-T : A policy review 4 Green Paper " TEN-T : A policy review – Towards a better integrated trans-European transport network at the service of the common transport policy” (Consultation period : 04/02/ /04/2009) 4 The comprehensive network „ comprises altogether: km of road links, km of railway links (including km of high-speed links), km of inland waterways, 411 airports and 404 sea ports. Most of these links and nodes already exist ” 4 The TEN-T priority projects cover major rail, road and inland waterway axes that traverse several Member States. (30 projects since 2004) 4 „The current priority projects approach could evolve towards a priority network approach” 4 „The conceptual approach of TEN-T … direct TEN-T towards its main objective of serving as a basis for transport services that meet established Community objectives” 4 „The different "pillars" referred to above could be combined to form a TEN-T core network. Such a network could include both a priority network and a conceptual pillar, thus reflecting the need for flexibility and market orientation.”

CORRIDOR STRATEGIES AND SUB-REGIONAL INTERESTS Tamás Fleischer Institute for World Economics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences “EU projects- Trans European Corridors” Session 5: “Assessment of EU Strategies and Sub-regional projects (roundtable)” “Energy and Transport Issues in Europe’s Four Sea Basins” Center of European Studies at the Middle East Technical University, CES-METU Ankara, January 21-22, THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION !