Tri-generation System: Interim Design Review Maggie Alvarado Diego Azevedo Raphael Santos Cavalcanti Natalie Levings Richard Robards Bruno Vieira

Overview Last year students from FAMU/FSU College of Engineering and the Federal University of Paraná collaborated to design a tri-generation system that would produce refrigeration, electricity, and hot water utilizing wasted energy. Last year students from FAMU/FSU College of Engineering and the Federal University of Paraná collaborated to design a tri-generation system that would produce refrigeration, electricity, and hot water utilizing wasted energy. Tri-Generation system built last year.

Overview Modify existing prototype Modify existing prototype Address the prototype’s current deficiencies. Address the prototype’s current deficiencies. In a collaborative effort our team is coordinating prototype modifications and improvements with our Brazilian teammates. In a collaborative effort our team is coordinating prototype modifications and improvements with our Brazilian teammates.

Overview Modifications Modifications –Automate heat supply to absorption refrigerator –Manage heat to water supply and add a distiller –Modify engine for CNG (compressed natural gas) –Use cooling effects of expanding gas

Collaboration With Brazil Communication with our Brazilian teammates is organized into weekly video conferences, internet chat, group , and file sharing yielding the following: Communication with our Brazilian teammates is organized into weekly video conferences, internet chat, group , and file sharing yielding the following: Every major task was organized into a Work Breakdown Structure Every major task was organized into a Work Breakdown Structure FSU and UFPR are subcontracting tasks to team members FSU and UFPR are subcontracting tasks to team members

Work Breakdown Structures

Heat Regulation Thermostat Thermostat Actuator Actuator 3 way valve 3 way valve Bypass Pipe Bypass Pipe Exhaust Piping in Current System with Bypass Valve Bypass Pipe

Devices 3 way valve actuator

Water Management Update Previous solution overlooked safety and control issues. Previous solution overlooked safety and control issues. Current solution allows control with three-way valve controlling flow of exhaust heat to the distiller and water heating unit subsystems. Current solution allows control with three-way valve controlling flow of exhaust heat to the distiller and water heating unit subsystems. Solution Picked Previously: Automatic Bypass System with Distiller Addition Current Solution: Heating Unit Bypass with Distiller Addition

Water Management Update Distiller Distiller –Will remove most impurities such as salt, lead, arsenic, etc –Does not remove pesticides, chlorine and some volatile organic compounds Carbon Filter Carbon Filter –Removes synthetic chemicals by acting as a catalyst and by absorbing contaminants.

Engine Conversion It has been decided that propane’s pressure isn’t high enough to provide the desired cooling effect for expansion It has been decided that propane’s pressure isn’t high enough to provide the desired cooling effect for expansion Compressed natural gas has been chosen instead, as it can be stored at pressures over 3000 psi Compressed natural gas has been chosen instead, as it can be stored at pressures over 3000 psi Kawasaki FD501D

Engine Conversion There are 3 main conversion methods: Spud-in, adapter, and carburetor replacement. The adapter method should be chosen for dual-fuel operation or for the option of converting the engine quickly back to gasoline in the future. Adapters are just that. They adapt to whatever carburetor an engine has.

How it Works The carburetor adapter is installed between the gasoline carburetor and the air cleaner The carburetor adapter is installed between the gasoline carburetor and the air cleaner The adapter has a hose connecting it to the demand type regulator The adapter has a hose connecting it to the demand type regulator A venturi at the center of the adapter, producing a vacuum, thus drawing fuel into the airstream A venturi at the center of the adapter, producing a vacuum, thus drawing fuel into the airstream Amount of fuel delivered depends on how much air is flowing, which depends on how far the throttle is open Amount of fuel delivered depends on how much air is flowing, which depends on how far the throttle is open

Collaboration with Brazil Because of the relatively small pressure tolerances of the kits, we are going to be working closely with our Brazilian teammates as they will be working with the expansion of the fuel, using the temperature drop to cool the refrigerator. Because of the relatively small pressure tolerances of the kits, we are going to be working closely with our Brazilian teammates as they will be working with the expansion of the fuel, using the temperature drop to cool the refrigerator.

Collaboration with Brazil

Brazil’s Tri-Gen Prototype

Honorable Mention Honorary volunteer member Rich Robards is dedicating his time from an already busy schedule. Honorary volunteer member Rich Robards is dedicating his time from an already busy schedule. To date Rich has provided valuable suggestions and is tasked with attaching the engine’s alternator to the battery so it will charge while the system is running. To date Rich has provided valuable suggestions and is tasked with attaching the engine’s alternator to the battery so it will charge while the system is running.

Project Schedule

Conclusion After exploring possible solutions for the Tri-Generation System, the group has reached the purchasing stage for After exploring possible solutions for the Tri-Generation System, the group has reached the purchasing stage for –The bypass piping, valve, and actuator –The bypass piping for the water-heating unit and the distiller –CNG alternative fuel kit We are working with Team Brazil on the CNG expansion calculations to cool the refrigerator We are working with Team Brazil on the CNG expansion calculations to cool the refrigerator

References 1.Dieter, George E. Engineering Design 3 rd Edition. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Higher Education, Çengel, Yunus A. and Robert H. Turner. Fundamentals of Thermal-Fluid Sciences 2 nd Edition. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Higher Education, Tracy, Thomas Jr., et al. Development of a Tri-Generation System: Final Design Package, Spring CAPS 1: Integrated Heat Recovery System. 4.Janna, William S. Design of Thermal Fluid Systems 2 nd Edition. Boston, MA: PWS Publishing Company, 1998.