HISTORY, CULTURE,SOCIETY AND ECONOMY OVERVIEW BRAZIL :

HISTORY Colonisation and slavery :  1500 : Arrival of Pedro Alvares Cabral : Brazil is claimed by Portugal.  1815 : Brazil is elevated from colony to sovereign kingdom united with Portugal.  1822 : independence from Portugal : Brazilian Empire. Military republic :  1889 : overthrow of monarch Pedro II : Republican government = military dictatorship

HISTORY Repression :  1930 : defeated presidential candidate Getúlio Vargas leads a first coup d'état and accesses to presidency.  1937 : 2nd coup d'état : Brazil became a full dictatorship : 20,000 people imprisoned, internment camps for political prisoners, censorship of the press.  1954 : suicide of Vargas.  2 presidents between 1956 and  1964 : João Goulart leads a coup d’état : military regime.  1968 : Fifth Institutional Act : full dictatorship.

HISTORY Re-democratization process :  1974 : General Ernesto Geisel president : end of the military indiscipline, torture, censorship of the press and dictatorship.  2 presidents between 1985 and  Fernando Henrique Cardoso elected as president in 1994 and again in 1998 : Plano Real (Royal Plan) grants stability to the Brazilian economy. Political stability :  Luís Inácio « Lula » da Silva is elected in 2002 and re- elected in 2006.

INTRODUCTION  Federal Republic of Brazil  Capitale : Brasília  Language : portuguese  Currency : Real (BRL)  Total area : km 2 (5th)  5 regions and several states  Climates : Tropical arid to humid equatorial  65% water

CLIMATES

SOCIAL FIGURES IN 2010  inhabitants  Yearly growth rate : 1.160%  Fecundity index : 2.19children/woman  Child death rate : 21.86‰  Life expectancy : y  Death 6.35‰

EDUCATIONAL AND WORK FIGURES  Alphabetization rate (age 15 and over)  In 2008 :total population: 88.6% male: 88.4% female: 88.8%  2010 : Brazil unemployment rate stands at 7.40% of the labor force  Sources :

CULTURE  Derived from portuguese culture because of Colonial history.  Strongly influenced by African, indigenous and non- Portuguese European (Italian, German) cultures.  RELIGION : no official religion. over 80% of Catholics about 9% of Protestants The "Candomblé" (5%) : slaves from Nigeria and Benin. animist deities + Catholic figures.  Some Jewish, Muslim, Buddhist.

 Key points of the Brasilian Economy  Agriculture  Energy  High technology

KEY POINTS OF THE ECONOMY : AGRICULTURE Brazil is the largest exporter of iron, coffee, soya, orange juice, bovine meat and sugar.

 Biofuel: ethanol  1st world producer  Great potential for future  Great market demand

 Biofuel: ethanol  A strong production increase  Doing business with USA and EU  Competition with traditional farming

 Biofuel  Oil  14th World producer  8billion barrels reserve discovered

 Biofuel  Oil  Hydropower:  Only 27% of Hydro power capability is used The Itaipu Dam, a project from Paraguay and Brazil

 Biofuel  Oil  Hydropower:  Nuclear power:  2 nuclear power plants  Enriched Uranium production  2012 : 60% of Brazilian need  2015 : 100% of Brazilian need

 Automotive industry  Ford factory for South America Market  Aeronautic industry  Embraer leader on regional jets

 Evolution of the Brazilian economy since 1994  Creation of the Real currency  Struggle against the inflation plague  Privatization of the economy

 A slow shift from the interior market to globalization  A high consumption within the national market a federal state  The reduction of the national debt now 40% of the GDP  Investment difficulties due to a lack of easily accessible credit

 Excesses of the federal system  Lack of control of the national government concerning financial transfers  A low Gini index global rank of 116 th  The ICMS tax 1. Creates a kind of tariff barrier between the states 2. « Fiscal war » between the states to boost investment 3. Financial dependancy relations 4. Brazilian exports less attractive than local markets

 Positive evolutions  A country less affected by the crisis  Increase in consumption market  Brazil has now become a net creditor Class Participation as a % of total population 2004 Class Participation as a % of total population 2008 Ago 09: +0,4% Jul 09: 0%

Economic Research Itaú Unibanco Page Source: CPS/FGV and PNAD/ IBGE

 2012 World Cup Infra-structure investments Airport improvements Urban transports including subways and railroads Hotels  2014 Olympics Games 40,0 21,5 15,8 14,4 9,4 6,5 1,8 Beijing 2008 Atenas 2004 London 2012 Rio 2016Barcelona 1992 Sydney 2000 Atlanta 1996 Civil Construction 10,5% Housing Services 6,3% Services 5,7% Oil & Gas 5,1% IT 5,0% Logistics 4,8% Other 62,6%

 GDP growth (5%) better than EU (2%) and US (2.2%) from 2010 to 2020  Controlled inflation : 3.5% forecasted in 2020  Strong consumer market  Interest rate should fall from 7% to 3.5% by 2020