Brazil’s innovation and research strategy models as drivers for development: Achievements, Problems and Challenges The 16th Conference of China Association for Science and Technology Kunming, Yunnan, China May 23, 2014 Helena Nader – President Presented by: Aldo Malavasi - General Secretary Brazilian Society for the Advancement of Science – SBPC

Evolution of Brazilian graduate programs and research achievements “Between 1997 and 2007 the number of Brazilian papers in indexed, peer-reviewed journals more than doubled to 19,000 a year. Brazil now ranks 13th in publications, according to Thomson Reuters, having surpassed the Netherlands, Israel, and Switzerland. Brazil's universities awarded twice as many Ph.D.s this year as they did in 2001, and thousands of new academic jobs have opened up on 134 new federal campuses.” (Science, Dec. 3, 2010)

Scientific Papers Brazil, Latin America and the World Science 330:1306, 2010

Published Papers in ISI indexed Journals 2013 Source: Thomson Reuters. InCites, RankCountryPapers % of total papers in the world 1USA ,0 2CHINA ,6 3GERMANY ,3 4ENGLAND ,8 5JAPAN ,6 6FRANCE ,0 7CANADA ,5 8ITALY ,4 9SPAIN ,9 10AUSTRALIA ,8 11INDIA ,7 12SOUTH KOREA ,6 13BRAZIL ,7 14NETHERLANDS ,7 15RUSSIA ,1 16TAIWAN ,0 17SWITZERLAND ,9 18TURKEY ,8 19IRAN ,8 20SWEDEN ,7

Brazil’s published papers according to the area of knowledge ( ) Source: Thomson Reuters. InCITIES Nr.AreasPapersCitationsImpact% world 1Clinical Medicine ,83,1 2Plant & Animal Science ,16,6 3Agricultural Sciences ,711,0 4Chemistry ,21,9 5Physics ,02,1 6Social Sciences, General ,62,4 7Biology & Biochemistry ,22,6 8Engineering ,01,6 9Environment/Ecology ,13,2 10Pharmacology & Toxicology ,73,2 11Neuroscience & Behavior ,42,3 12Materials Science ,51,6 13Molecular Biology & Genetics ,32,1 14Mathematics ,72,0 15Immunology ,73,1 16Microbiology ,23,7 17Geosciences ,11,8 18Psychiatry/Psychology ,41,4 19Computer Science ,41,5 20Space Science ,42,3 21Economics & Business ,31,1 22Multidisciplinary ,12,0

Nr.ÁreaBrazil Latin AmericaWorld Brasil relative to Latin America (%) 1 Agricultural Sciences ,9 2 Clinical Medicine ,5 3 Pharmacology & Toxicology ,0 4 Neuroscience & Behavior ,5 5 Molecular Biology & Genetics ,7 6 Materials Science ,0 7 Plant & Animal Science ,5 8 Psychiatry/Psychology ,4 9 Chemistry ,4 10 Computer Science ,3 11 Multidisciplinary ,2 12 Microbiology ,1 13 Social Sciences, General ,0 14 Biology & Biochemistry ,2 15 Physics ,8 16 Immunology ,3 17 Mathematics ,4 18 Environment/Ecology ,2 19 Engineering ,4 20 Economics & Business ,2 21 Geosciences ,5 22 Space Science ,9 Published papers from Brazil, Latin America and the world according to the areas of knowledge (2013) Source: Thomson Reuters. InCITIES

NºAreas % Brasil in world scientific published papers Agricultural Sciences11,010,911,610,810,6 2 Plant & Animal Science6,26,46,56,77,2 3 Microbiology3,63,33,73,94,0 4 Immunology2,73,13,03,23,4 5 Environment/Ecology2,83,13,43,23,4 6 Pharmacology & Toxicology3,53,13,33,23,1 7 Clinical Medicine3,03,13,23,12,9 8 Biology & Biochemistry2,5 2,6 9 Space Science1,92,62,32,22,6 10 Neuroscience & Behavior2,52,32,22,32,4 11 Molecular Biology & Genetics1,92,1 2,22,4 12 Multidisciplinary1,51,32,12,3 13 Physics2,01,92,02,32,2 14 Social Sciences, General2,4 2,52,72,2 15 Mathematics1,82,02,11,92,1 16 Chemistry1,9 1,81,92,0 17 Geosciences1,71,81,91,7 18 Computer Science1,31,41,5 1,7 19 Engineering1,61,5 1,6 20 Materials Science1,71,61,41,61,5 21 Psychiatry/Psychology1,41,51,31,51,4 22 Economics & Business1,1 1,01,1 Fonte: Thomson Reuters. InCITIES Percentage of Brazil’s published papers according to the area of knowledge with respect to the world production (2009 to 2013)

Achievements Brazilian leadership in S&T&I Aerospace (airplane industry # 4 world) Agriculture (orange, soybeans, sugarcane, tropical fruits and cereals) Animal production (cattle, pig and poultry) Automation: banks (before Internet); elections (results in few hours) Biofuels (ethanol and biodiesel) Cellulose and Paper Industry Insect biological control Oil production in very deep water Tropical diseases and Public Health

Highlights on Brazilian Science Production  The basis of Brazilian scientific research is heavily oriented to agriculture, ecology and infectious diseases.  Brazil is world leader in papers related to sugar, coffee and orange. The cattle industry produces 33% of the cattle embryos in the world.  The research in these areas is growing steadily enough in order to put Brazil in a good position to approach the global concerns with food security, climate change and conservancy.

World Ranking of published papers and citations (1996 – 2012 SCImago) RankCountry DocumentsCitable documentsCitationsSelf-Citations Citations/ Document H index 1United States , China , United Kingdom , Germany , Japan , France , Canada , Italy , Spain , India , Australia , Russian Federation , South Korea , Netherlands , Brazil , Taiwan , Switzerland , Sweden , Poland , Turkey ,

World Ranking of published papers and citations ( SCImago) RankCountry Documents Citable documents CitationsSelf-Citations Citations/ Document H index 1Switzerland , Netherlands , United States , Sweden , Canada , United Kingdom , Australia , Germany , France , Italy , Spain , Japan , South Korea , Taiwan , Brazil , Poland , Turkey , India , China , Russian Federation ,

Highlights on Brazilian Science Production

RankCountryScorePercentage Rank 1Switzerland Sweden United Kingdom Netherlands United States of America Finland Hong Kong (China) Singapore Denmark Ireland Canada Luxembourg Iceland Israel Germany Norway New Zealand Korea, Republic of Australia France Slovenia China Costa Rica Lithuania Uruguay Argentina Colombia Mexico Brazil Yemen Innovation in the World Global Innovations Index Cornell University,INSEAD,and WIPO (2013): The Global Innovation Index 2013: The Local Dynamics of Innovation, Geneva, Ithaca,and Fontainebleau.

The Framework of Global Innovation Index 2014 Cornell University, INSEAD,and WIPO (2013): The Global Innovation Index 2013: The Local Dynamics of Innovation, Geneva, Ithaca,and Fontainebleau.

Fonte: UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT 2010 Chalenges: Number of Researchers

Natural Sciences and Engineering, per selected region / countries: 2008 or last available data Chalenges: number of scientists or engineers Source: National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators 2012

The fourth age of research J. Adams, Nature 497: , 2014

Problems to be solved Continuous public budget cuts on the financing sources allocated to Science, Technology and Innovation. Low investments from the private sectors. Backwardness on basic education, particularly in high school level, which directly affects the quality of learning processes at universities, and consequently, scientific productivity. Lack of English proficiency that makes internationalization a difficult task to accomplish.

Challenges (1) – Efforts on Education Although great efforts have been undertaken in order to promote great advancements on graduate programs in the past 30 years, there is a large distortion among Brazilian regions To continue the expansion policy of the national graduate educational system. Duplicate in 5 years the number of Physics and Chemistry teachers. Duplicate in 10 years the number of undergraduate courses in engineering, physics, chemistry and in the areas of pharmacology and drugs A strong policy to enhance the quality of engineering and exact sciences

Challenges (2) stronger policies Solid policies and investments to enhance technology and innovation, which result in jobs and wealth. Continuous growth of scientific production. Higher number of registered and licensed patents, start-ups, among others related to technology and innovation.

Towards a new contract between Science and Society 1.Science is in transition 2.Communication and Education 3.Scientific literacy 4.North-South issues 5.Economy for Sustainable Development 6.Science Policy, Ethics in Science and Scientific Integrity 7.Integrating Issues of Science and Society 8.Office of Government Relations Global Scenario

Investments in Science, Technology and Innovation are priority in times of economic crisis 1.The investments in S,T&I are essential for the sustainable development of nations and should be promoted as the best response to economic crisis.

Science education contributes to democracy and the political agenda of nations 1.Science education of the population and the popularization of science should be encouraged, enlarging and encouraging scientists to participate in this process; and 2.The use of new information technologies should be made available globally, stimulating initiatives that contribute to "education beyond school."

1.It should be encouraged, through international organizations and binational and multinational agreements, the formation of networks of international scientific collaboration within a multidisciplinary perspective to address challenges common to many regions of the planet; 2.Alongside the scientific activity directed to these great challenges, it must be promoted innovation in economics and public administration, social inclusion and the promotion of a culture of peace for reducing violence; and 3.The research frontier, result of human curiosity, should be strengthened and expanded globally, even though it that does not produce obvious applications in the present: the history of science shows that scientific and technological revolutions arise from this type of research. XXI Century encompasses great challenges for science

Thank you