Section 1: Natural Environments Section 2: History and Culture CHAPTER 12 South America Section 1: Natural Environments Section 2: History and Culture Section 3: South America Today

SECTION 1 Natural Environments Question: What are the different environments and landforms of South America?

Natural Environments SECTION 1 South America Landforms and Rivers Climates Andes Guiana Highlands, tepuís Brazilian Highlands Amazon River basin, Llanos, Gran Chaco, Pampas Amazon, Orinoco, Paraná Rivers tropical humid in Amazon Basin highland in Andes tropical wet and dry Mediterranean in central Chile semiarid and arid in Patagonia, Atacama South America Biomes Natural Resources tropical rain forest dry forest savannas deserts rubber and timber hydroelectricity production nuts and plants for medicine gold, silver, copper, iron ore, bauxite, oil

SECTION 2 History and Culture Question: How did the colonial period and independence affect South America?

Causes and Effects in South America’s History SECTION 2 History and Culture Causes and Effects in South America’s History Colonization Inca conquered, lands taken by Europeans European animals and agricultural products introduced, death of indigenous people from European diseases and conquest Independence dictatorships supported by wealthy families, military coups and political instability

SECTION 3 South America Today Question: What are some of the characteristics of the economy and cities, and what issues face South America today?

South America Today SECTION 3 Economy Cities Issues • developing or middle income countries • agriculture, subsistence and commercial farming • wide range of industrial products • Mercosur important free trade group • large parts of each country’s population living in big cities • rural-urban migration • urban poor living in slums that surround the city • crime and lack of services in these areas • poverty • Amazon rain forests being cleared for farming and ranching • soil exhaustion and overgrazing threatening the land • border disputes, terrorism, and political corruption

Chapter Wrap-Up CHAPTER 12 1. What are the five climate zones of the Andes, and what vegetation is found in each? 2. What are some products that come from the rain forest? 3. What were some accomplishments of early South American people? 4. How did Spanish and Portuguese settlement spread? 5. What are three factors that create tensions in South America?