A&S Faculty Recruiting Workshop OU Climate Survey – Lori Snyder Implicit Bias and Better Practices – Sheena Murphy Experiences of OU Dept. of Philosophy – Wayne Riggs and Stephen Ellis

Factors which may impact the impartiality of your search process Sheena Murphy Department of Physics and Astronomy

Experiments on the influences of race and gender on hiring o “Science faculty’s subtle gender biases favor male students”, Corinne A. Moss-Racusina, John F. Dovidio, Victoria L. Brescoll, Mark J. Graham, and Jo Handelsman, Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, (2012). o “The Impact of Gender on the Review of the Curricula Vitae of Job Applicants and Tenure Candidates: A National Empirical Study”, Rhea E. Steinpreis, Katie A. Anders, and Dawn Ritzke, Sex Roles 41, 509 (1999). o “Are Emily and Greg More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination”, Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan, American Economic Review, (2004).

Experiment on Gender Bias for Academic Scientists: Details of Study Mythical Application for a lab manager position, submitted by an “undergrad science major” with stated intention to attend grad school  evaluated by 127 U.S. men and women  in biology, chemistry or physics departments  from 3 private, 3 public, large, Research-Intensive universities “ Science faculty’s subtle gender biases favor male students”, Corinne A. Moss-Racusina, John F. Dovidio, Victoria L. Brescoll, Mark J. Graham, and Jo Handelsman, Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, (2012).

Experiment on Gender Bias for Academic Scientists: Results 1-7 (low-high) Scale John was more competent more hireable deserving of more mentoring than Jennifer

Both men and women faculty were more likely to hire the male applicant, “John” Both men and women faculty offered “John” a higher starting salary Experiment on Gender Bias for Academic Scientists: Results

Experiment on Gender, Hiring and Tenure in Academic Psychology: Details of Study Subjects: –238 academic psychologists (half female/half male) –Gender and quality of academic institution were known to researchers Each subject received one of 4 possible packets –Early packet (CV, teaching statement, bibliography) Identical except for name Karen Miller or Brian Miller –Mature packet (CV, teaching record, more mature bibliography) Identical except for name Karen Miller or Brian Miller Tasks for Subjects: –To make a hiring decision recommendation –To make a tenure recommendation “The Impact of Gender on the Review of the Curricula Vitae of Job Applicants and Tenure Candidates: A National Empirical Study”, Rhea E. Steinpreis, Katie A. Anders, and Dawn Ritzke, Sex Roles 41, 509 (1999).

Experiment on Gender, Hiring and Tenure in Academic Psychology: Results for Entry Level Hire Early stage female cvs resulted in more negative hiring recommendations. Early cv Mature cv

Experiment on Gender, Hiring and Tenure in Academic Psychology Does Gender of Reviewer Matter? Gender of reviewer did not matter. Women and men discriminated equally in regards to gender of candidate.

Experiment on Race and Hiring in Marketplace: Details of Study 1300 help wanted ads in Boston and Chicago newspapers. Four fictitious resumes sent to each ad –Two high quality resumes/Two lower quality resumes –Each resume tagged with either a traditionally African- American name or a traditionally white name Return calls requesting interviews were logged for each of the four classifications. “Are Emily and Greg More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination”, Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan, American Economic Review, (2004).

Experiment on Race and Hiring in Marketplace: Results Resumes with white names received callbacks 50% more often than those with African-American names. SamplePercent Response for White Resumes Percent Response for African- American Resumes Ratio All resumes Chicago Boston

Implicit Bias Summary It is quite possible for well-meaning, egalitarian minded individuals (both men and women) to discriminate both on gender and race. While the act is subtle (implicit bias) the net result is not. Are there intervention strategies? Fortunately, some implicit bias can be negated by reminding subjects to be cognizant of impartiality and bias at the onset of the review process, Devine, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82 (2002).

Better Search Committee Practices Before you interview Committee Construction Establishing criteria Reaching the Pool Documentation Campus Interview Concerns

Construction of search committee Include individuals with different perspectives and expertise and with demonstrated commitment to diversity. Make sure the committee reflects as well as possible the diversity within the unit. Include a graduate student if possible. All departments should include an outside member on the committee. If there is no woman or minority within the department, consider including one from outside.

Guiding the Process Hold mtg before the application deadline to develop and implement a recruiting plan. – Discuss and establish ground rules on meeting schedules, and confidentiality issues. – Discuss the roles and expectations. – Discuss the decision making process – Discuss implicit bias Reach a common understanding of the selection criteria and procedures for screening candidates, before materials from applicants begin to arrive. – Potential vs. demonstrated accomplishments – What constitutes a strong publication record? – Is “fit” important? What does “fit” mean? – Relative weight of necessary qualifications – Be able to defend decisions – Is mentoring of students important? – Approximate length of long list – Approximate length of short list Keep minutes to minimize misunderstandings

Reaching the pool o May consider using proactive language. Ex. from MIT: – “MIT is dedicated to the goal of building a culturally diverse and pluralistic faculty committed to teaching and working in a multicultural environment and strongly encourages applications from minorities and women.” o Make personal contact with underrepresented groups (minorities or women in some departments) at professional conferences and invite them to apply. OEO requires that you list the advertisement sources and the outreach efforts for minorities and women.

Campus Interview Concerns Provide packets to on campus candidates Leave policies Childcare resources Community literature Real estate contacts Do not ask questions about: Religion Ethnic Origin Marital Status Sexual Orientation Employment Status of Spouse Parenthood Future Parenthood Disability Insure that graduate students/faculty spouses etc. are also informed about what to ask/what not to ask Protect candidates from renegade faculty

Tips Prioritize selection criteria Do not let personal or narrow perspectives of individual committee members dominate the process Make committee members defend their decisions to reject or retain an applicant Be sure standards are being applied consistently