1 Alkanes and Aromatic Hydrocarbons Organic Compounds Bonding in Hydrocarbons Naming Alkanes Properties of Alkanes

2 “ The most important hypothesis in all of biology…is that everything that animals do, atoms do. In other words, there is nothing that living things do that cannot be understood from the point of view that they are made of atoms acting according to the laws of physics.” Richard Feynman ( )

3 Organic Compounds  Contain carbon  Have covalent bonds  Have low melting points  Have low boiling points  Burn in air (oxygen)  Are soluble in nonpolar solvents  Form large molecules

Timberlake LecturePLUS4 Alkanes Contain C and H only Contain single bonds C-C Have 4 bonds to every carbon (C) atom Are nonpolar

Timberlake LecturePLUS5 Complete Structural Formulas Show the bonds between each of the atoms H H  H  C  HH C H  H H CH 4, methane

Timberlake LecturePLUS6 More Alkanes H HCondensed Structural Formulas H C C HCH 3 CH 3 H HEthane H H H H C C C HCH 3 CH 2 CH 3 H H H Propane

Timberlake LecturePLUS7 IUPAC Names Name# carbons Structural Formula Methane1CH 4 Ethane2CH 3 CH 3 Propane3CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 Butane4CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 Pentane5CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3

Timberlake LecturePLUS8 IUPAC NAMES Name # carbons Structural Formula Hexane 6 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 Heptane 7 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 Octane 8 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 Nonane 9 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 Decane 10 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3

Timberlake LecturePLUS9 Learning Check Alk1 A. What is the condensed formula for H H H H H C C C C H H H H H B. What is its molecular formula? C. What is its name?

Timberlake LecturePLUS10 Solution Alk1 A.CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 B. C 4 H 10 C.butane

Timberlake LecturePLUS11 Reactions of Alkanes Combustion alkane + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + heat

Timberlake LecturePLUS12 Combustion In the Cell Metabolic oxidation is combustion C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + heat glucose

Timberlake LecturePLUS13 Learning Check Alk2 Complete the combustion reaction for C 3 H 8 + O 2 + Balance your equation

Timberlake LecturePLUS14 Solution Alk2 Step 1 C 3 H 8 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O Step 2 C 3 H 8 + O 2 3 CO H 2 O Step 3 C 3 H O 2 3 CO H 2 O

Timberlake LecturePLUS15 Learning Check Alk3 Complete and balance the reaction for the complete combustion of C 7 H 16

Timberlake LecturePLUS16 Solution Alk3 Step 1 C 7 H 16 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O Step 2 C 7 H 16 + O 2 7 CO H 2 O Step 3 C 7 H O 2 7 CO H 2 O