1 AdjectivesAdjectives Spanish 3 (H) ch.3

2 Los adjetivos: Adjectives: Words that modify nouns En español, most adjectives have either two or four forms When using adjectives in Spanish, one must always consider PLACEMENT and AGREEMENT. Adjectives: Words that modify nouns En español, most adjectives have either two or four forms When using adjectives in Spanish, one must always consider PLACEMENT and AGREEMENT.

3 ADJECTIVE AGREEMENT: If an adjective ends in O, A, OS, AS or dor, dora, dores, doras then it will have four forms and the form that you use in any given sentence must agree with the noun that it modifies. alto (m/s)alta (f/s) altos (m/p) altas (f/p) If an adjective ends in O, A, OS, AS or dor, dora, dores, doras then it will have four forms and the form that you use in any given sentence must agree with the noun that it modifies. alto (m/s)alta (f/s) altos (m/p) altas (f/p)

4 ADJECTIVE AGREEMENT: If an adjective ends in something other than O, A, OS, AS, or dor, dora, dores, doras then it will have only two forms – singular and plural. grande (s)grandes (p) If an adjective ends in something other than O, A, OS, AS, or dor, dora, dores, doras then it will have only two forms – singular and plural. grande (s)grandes (p)

5 Exceptions to the rule…: The adjectives good (bueno) and bad (malo) are descriptive adjectives but are generally placed in front of the nouns they modify. Also adjectives that reflect an inherent quality of the noun (cold ice) are also placed in front of the noun. The adjectives good (bueno) and bad (malo) are descriptive adjectives but are generally placed in front of the nouns they modify. Also adjectives that reflect an inherent quality of the noun (cold ice) are also placed in front of the noun.

6 PLACEMENT OF ADJECTIVES 1. Restrictive adjectives placed in front of the noun placed in front of the noun 2. Descriptive adjectives placed after the noun 3. Nouns used as adjectives placed after the noun and separated by the word “de” 1. Restrictive adjectives placed in front of the noun placed in front of the noun 2. Descriptive adjectives placed after the noun 3. Nouns used as adjectives placed after the noun and separated by the word “de”

7 PLACEMENT OF ADJECTIVES Multiple Descriptive adjectives of equal importance: placed after the noun and separated with “y” El libro verde y sucioEl libro verde y sucio Multiple Descriptive adjectives of equal importance: placed after the noun and separated with “y” El libro verde y sucioEl libro verde y sucio

8 PLACEMENT OF ADJECTIVES Multiple Descriptive adjectives of unequal importance: the less important may (on occasion) be placed in front of the noun, the other after. El verde libro sucioEl verde libro sucio Multiple Descriptive adjectives of unequal importance: the less important may (on occasion) be placed in front of the noun, the other after. El verde libro sucioEl verde libro sucio

9 Watch out for adjectives with endings cut off: Watch out for adjectives with endings cut off: bueno, malo, primero, tercero, uno, grande In front of masculine nouns become: Buen, mal, primer, tercer, un, gran bueno, malo, primero, tercero, uno, grande In front of masculine nouns become: Buen, mal, primer, tercer, un, gran

10 Nominalizing Adjectives To change an adjective into a noun simply add the appropriate definite article in front of it. El libro verde - the green book El verde - the green one To change an adjective into a noun simply add the appropriate definite article in front of it. El libro verde - the green book El verde - the green one

11 íOjo para estos! before after before after antiguoformerancient gran, grande great large pobre pitifulneedy nuevo new to owner brand new único onlyunique viejo old, longtime elderly before after before after antiguoformerancient gran, grande great large pobre pitifulneedy nuevo new to owner brand new único onlyunique viejo old, longtime elderly

12 EXAMPLES: the big backpack la mochila grande a white book un libro blanco three Spanish notebooks tres cuadernos de español the big backpack la mochila grande a white book un libro blanco three Spanish notebooks tres cuadernos de español