Page 1Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011 Distribution Automation Technical Background & Current Trends Dan Murray Siemens Energy, Inc. Smart Grid Conference Rosen Shingle Creek Resort, Orlando, Florida October

Page 2Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011 Topics  Overview of several Distribution Automation Applications  Technical Considerations when implementing DA Applications  Architectures  Sensors  Communications / Cyber security  Control Technologies  Other Considerations when implementing DA Applications  Current System Configuration (that is to say, your starting point)  Policies and Standards  Human Resources / Skill Sets  ROI / Budget  DA Implementation Strategies

Page 3Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011 Source: [1] Leveraging AMI and BPL Technologies at CenterPoint: Energy to Build the Intelligent Grid of the Future – Don Cortez Distribution Automation Trends Example: CenterPoint Smart Grid Strategy

Page 4Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011 Select DA Applications  Fault Detection Isolation and Service Restoration (FLIR or FLISR) reduces the impact of outages.  Volt/VAR Control provides greater network efficiency through improved monitoring and regulation of power on distribution lines.  Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) reduces load during peak periods.

Page 5Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011 Fault Location Isolation and Service Restoration (FLIR or FLISR) General Description Fault Location, Isolation, and Service Restoration  Detects occurrence of a fault on a distribution feeder.  Determines the location of the fault between 2 switches or reclosers.  Isolates the faulted section between nearest switch and/or recloser.  Restores service to “healthy” portions of the feeder while maintaining safe loading limits on the second source.

Page 6Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011 Fault Detection Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR) Typical Operation Today without FLISR

Page 7Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011 Fault Detection Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR) Improved Performance using FLISR

Page 8Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011 Fault Detection Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR) Benefits Source: [2] “Equipment for Feeder Automation - Recent Trends in Feeder Automation Seminar” IEEE PES Miami Chapter Miami, Florida June 2, 2005, John McDonald, KEMA, Inc. Revenue per Distribution Mile  IOU$62,665  Muni$86,302  Coop$10,565 Source: 2006 RUS/EIA data

Page 9Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011 Volt/VAR Control General Description Volt/VAR Control provides greater network efficiency through improved monitoring and regulation of power on distribution lines.  Regulation performed through coordinated use of cap banks and voltage regulators.  If DMS is used, then On Line Power Flow (OLPF) may help determine what control actions to take.

Page 10Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011 Conservation Voltage Reduction General Description Conservation Voltage Reduction  Flattens the voltage profile across the feeder.  Allows monitoring of lowest voltage point to ensure it is above minimum acceptable voltage level.  Determines the necessary control actions to accomplish CVR.

Page 11Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011 System Architecture NIST Smart Grid Conceptual Model – Detailed View Source: [3] Interoperability and Cyber Security Plan, NRECA CRN Smart Grid Regional Demonstration, Grant DE-OE

Page 12Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011 Centralized vs. Decentralized refers to where the switching logic resides. Centralized at Centralized Decentralized Control Centerat the Substation Peer-to-peer Centralized vs. Decentralized Architecture Overview

Page 13Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011 Centralized vs. Decentralized Architecture Comparison ConsiderationCentralizedDecentralized Cost  DMS: Higher starting cost  Lower starting cost Complexity  Greater time to implement  Less time to implement Skills  DMS requires more advanced skills for implementation  Most substation engineering skills portable to DA applications Suggested Use  Good starting position with existing SCADA  Many feeders to be automated  Many DA functions to be implemented  Often used is SCADA can not be upgraded  Suitable for limited deployment (based on cost) or when “patching” system

Page 14Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011 Fault Detection Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR) Components when using Peer-to-Peer Logic Approach Decentralized Feeder Automation Municipals and Cooperatives Standardize on products Available skills and expertise Cost-Driven Small Annual Budgets (Short Cycle) Better Performance Standardization Simplicity Lower Cost Short Cycle business Concept SwitchesIED Family ++ Software + Wireless + Substation HMI (Option)

Page 15Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011 Fault Detection Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR) System Integration when using Peer-to-Peer Logic 1.Automated Primary Switches/Reclosers 2.Smart Controller 3.High Speed Communication 4.Communication Protocol (DNP / IEC 61850) 5.Software Configuration Tools 6.Smart Fault Detection Capability 7.Smart Switching Logic

Page 16Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011 Fault Location Isolation and Service Restoration (FLIR or FLISR) Benefits from Peer-to-Peer Approach Problem: Keeping the lights on!  Reduce outage size and duration.  Locate faults faster with less driving time.  Reduce crew size to isolate and restore.  Reduce windshield time, particularly with long distribution lines. Compelling Solution: Allows utilities to “do more with less”  Fast transfer scheme for critical load (e.g., hospital or industrial acct.)  Perform isolation and restoration faster than standard recloser and sectionalizer technology, and sometimes at a lower CAPEX cost.  Increase billing revenue through fewer and smaller outages.  Improve customer service – Resolve outages before customer calls.  Provide the ability to service a larger territory with fewer linemen.  Make use of adaptive settings for storm conditions to reduce SCADA operator work load.

Page 17Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011 Fault Detection Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR) Peer-to-Peer Example: A&N Electric Coop

Page 18Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011 Communication Protocols Comparison ProtocolProCon DNP 3.0 DNP over TCP/IP  90% utilities using it  Relatively easy to use  Training classes available  No object model  No peer-to-peer  Limited security IEC  More utilities using it  Contains object model  Native peer-to-peer  Future enhancements to the standard to support DG and comm to SCADA  More complex than DNP  Interoperability issues remain but improving  Engineering tools are average but improving

Page 19Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011 Source: [4] “Smart GridNet” Architecture for Utilities. Alcatel-Lucent Strategic White Paper. Telecommunication Options Commercial Carriers

Page 20Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011 Telecommunication Options Direction of Wireless Technologies

Page 21Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011 Communication Technology Deployment Comparison DeploymentUtilities owns networkCarrier owns network Control  Full control over life cycle  Full bandwidth following storm event  Little to no control Cost  Higher CAPEX cost  Radio: One-time expense of $1,000+ per node  Generally lower CAPEX cost  On-going maintenance cost Complexity  Radio: sight survey  Requires expertise  Outsource expertise Security  Usually the most secure  Requires expertise  Can be reasonably secured  Outsource expertise

Page 22Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011 Project Management Engineering Production System Test Support DA Implementation Strategies  Requirements planning  Evaluating your system starting position  Cost / Benefits Analysis  Perform pilots and limited deployment  Implementation resources available  NRECA website (architecture framework and cyber security)  NIST

Page 23Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011 Questions? Dan Murray Marketing Manager Mobile: (408) Thank you!

Page 24Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011 References  [1] Leveraging AMI and BPL Technologies at CenterPoint: Energy to Build the Intelligent Grid of the Future – Don Cortez  [2] “Equipment for Feeder Automation - Recent Trends in Feeder Automation Seminar” IEEE PES Miami Chapter Miami, Florida June 2, 2005, John McDonald, KEMA, Inc.  [3] Interoperability and Cyber Security Plan, NRECA CRN Smart Grid Regional Demonstration, Grant DE-OE  [4] “’Smart GridNet’ Architecture for Utilities,” Strategic White Paper, Alcatel-Lucent, 2007.