A Specific application of SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition): Feeder Automation System for Medium Voltage Distribution Networks of Istanbul Abdullah Nadar TUBITAK-BILTEN Ankara/TURKEY

TUBITAK-BILTEN TUBITAK: The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey BILTEN: Information Technologies and Electronics Research Institute

It was founded in 1985 works on numerous national projects funded by industry and the public sector as well as many international joint research projects in the fields of information technologies and electronics. The organization consists of 12 different research groups and 210 personnel. 120 personnel are highly qualified full-time engineers. TUBITAK-BILTEN

TUBITAK-BILTEN 12 Project Groups Applied Software Development Group Communication Systems Group Electronic System Design Group Information Society Policies, E-Commerce and Inf.Security Group Intelligent Energy Conversation Group Internet and Multimedia Technologies Group Organization, Information and Project Monitoring Group Power Electronics Group Hardware Development & Power System Group Satellite Technologies Group Signal Processing and Remote Sensing Group VLSI Design Group

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) Main Projects: MV Electricity Distribution Master Plan of Istanbul City Fider Otomation Project for Istanbul Electricity Distribution Power Systems Capability: To perform the analysis of electricity generation, transmission and distribution systems. To use PSS/E “Power System Simulator for Engineers”, ATP “Alternative Transient Program”, EMTP “Electro Magnetic Transient Program” TUBITAK-BILTEN Hardware Development and Power Systems Group

Some Projects of Power Systems Sub-Synchronous Resonance (SSR) Analysis for Adapazari-Gebze NGCC (1999) and Iskenderun Power Plants (2001) Feasibility and Evaluation Study of Electricity Interconnection of Turkey with Balkan Pool and UCTE (2000) and Primer Frequency Control Performance Tests and Network Frequency Analysis (2003) High Power Transmision Lines Over Voltage Swiching Analysis for Turkey-Georgia (2004) Performance Tests and Network Frequency analysis of Power Plants (2004)

The specific application of SCADA for European side of Istanbul Mid-Voltage (MV) Distribution Network Feeder Automation System

Why did we need “Feeder Automation System”? The utility decide to only 34.5 kV MV distribution instead of the two Mid-Voltage levels, 34.5 kV and 10.5 kV, which are used in Istanbul’s distribution network to be purified due to the losses of two times transformation, difficulties in operation, and increase in costs.

Why did we need “Feeder Automation System”? The 34.5 kV MV distribution able to serve three times more power for the same crossectional area of 10.5 kV underground cable. Easily operated ring system But, there was a disadvantages as; Three times more subscribers are effected if a fault occurs.

Why did we need “Feeder Automation System”? Solution: “Feeder Automation System”

System Components can be classified into three groups: 1. Data Collection 2. Remote Control 3. Fault Identification and De-energization Feeder Automation

Data Collection Collects Data and Digitizes Collects Data and Digitizes Transmits Data via Fiber Optic Cables Transmits Data via Fiber Optic Cables Regional Control Center Gets the Data Regional Control Center Gets the Data

RTU Types DTTU: (Distribution Transformer Terminal Unit) used in Distribution Stations. LETU: (Line End Terminal Unit) used in Switching Stations. STU: (Substation Terminal Unit) Substation’s remote terminal units. CCTU: (Control Centre Terminal Unit) used in Control Centre.

Network Architecture Work Station Control Center CCTU Loop STU STU Loop LETU DTTU

Data Collection Distribution Transformer Distribution Transformer LV Fuse On/Off Position LV Fuse On/Off Position Loadbreak Switch On/Off Position Loadbreak Switch On/Off Position Buckholz Relay Buckholz Relay Thermometer Relay Thermometer Relay Thermic Relay Thermic Relay

A Sample Distribution Transformer Centre

Remote Control

Distribution Transformers Loadbreak Switches 154/34.5 kV Substations Circuit Breakers

Communication Network Structure

Automatic Fault Detection and Isolation Fault on feeder or distribution transformer Is detected, Exact position is found, Position of fault is isolated automatically by open and close actions Position of fault and isolation actions are sent to control centre in order to be followed by operators.

Due to wish of operator the non-energised feeders are energised again; Completely automatic semi-automatic(some part by system, the other by operator completely by the operator (manually) Automatic Fault Detection and Isolation

CB 154/34.5 kV CB 34.5/0.4 kV Automatic Fault Detection and Isolation

CB 154/34.5 kV CB 34.5/0.4 kV Automatic Fault Detection and Isolation

CB 154/34.5 kV CB 34.5/0.4 kV Automatic Fault Detection and Isolation

CB 154/34.5 kV CB 34.5/0.4 kV Automatic Fault Detection and Isolation

CB 154/34.5 kV CB 34.5/0.4 kV Automatic Fault Detection and Isolation

Alternative Communication Types For DAS Some examples of communication methods for a distribution automation system; Power line carrier(PLC) Telephone lines GSM lines Communication by radio frequency Fiber optic cables Since Fiber optic cable and power cable installation made together, the fiber optic was chosen for the communication system.

Other Choosing Reasons Do not suffer from the electromagnetic env.s. Supplies wide bandwidth. Do not suffer from lightning. No need for licence. No cross talk problem. Minimised dimensions No danger of fire when short circuited.

Regional Control Centre Requirements Remote Control using select-before- operate, Remote Control using direct- operate, Automatic fault isolation within at most 1 minute time interval,

Monitoring of fault locations in the Control Centre, Monitoring of any change-of-status events by the Control Centre. Regional Control Centre Requirements

Regional Control Centre Responsibilities Records the events with time occurrence, Interacts with other computer networks, Runs programs as Energy Management System (EMS) and Distribution Management System (DMS).

Regional Control Centre

Regional Control Centre Operator Control Centres are controlled by the experienced operators, Should know the Distribution System as a whole, Should know the Control Centre Software, Regional Control Centre is a Man Machine Interface between the operators and the Distribution System.

Regional Control Centre Summary Regional Control Centre is a place in which all data is : collected; recorded; edited; analysed; and displayed by control of operators.

Regional Control Centre MMI Feeder Diagrams Feeder Diagrams

Inside of a substation Inside of a substation Regional Control Centre MMI

The Application By considering that this system is an feeder automation system, it is the first and only. The time taken to find the place of a fault is not more than 40 sec. The system is in usage at Istanbul Levent, Yeni Bosna and Sagmalcilar Regional distribution networks. Now system running on about 400 trasformer centers totally at Istanbul.

The Application

The Application – Levent RCC

The Application – Y.Bosna RCC

The Application – Sagmalcilar RCC

Results To control the consumption of the electric energy and to handle effective usage of the energy. Quick and easy fault detection, isolation and energising again. Automatic or operator controlled isolation. Remote control ability with open/close function for the operator at control center.

Conclusions When completed, this system is going to provide to the utility the following benefits: Improved customer service and system reliability through reduction in duration of power-off, Reduced manual sectionalizing expenses in system switching operations, Improved utilization of available substation transformer and distribution line capacity, Improved circuit, deciding for better planning, design and operations.

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