WRC-07 AGENDA ITEMS OF INTEREST TO PASSIVE SERVICES WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON 1.2 AND 1.17 REGULATORY ISSUES REQUIRED ACTIVITIES CURRENT STATUS IN ITU-R Manfred Otter WORK SHOP OF THE EUROPEAN SCIENCE FOUNDATION – CAGLIARI – OCTOBER 2004

28-29 Oct ESF WORK SHOP - CAGLIARI WRC-07 AGENDA ITEMS OF INTEREST TO EESS(PASSIVE) 1.2, 1.5, 1.6, 1.8, 1.17, (1.20) 1.2, 1.5, 1.6, 1.8, 1.17, (1.20) WRC-07 AGENDA ITEMS OF INTEREST TO RADIOASTRONOMY 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.17, (1.21) 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.17, (1.21)

28-29 Oct ESF WORK SHOP - CAGLIARI AGENDA ITEM 1.2 – REGULATORY ISSUES FOR 10.6 – GHz The frequency band GHz is allocated to the Earth exploration-satellite service (EESS) (passive), radio astronomy and space research (passive) services on a primary basis The frequency band GHz is allocated to the Earth exploration-satellite service (EESS) (passive), radio astronomy and space research (passive) services on a primary basis Band is essential for measurements of land and sea surface temperatures, soil moisture, wind intensity and precipitation over sea in combination with other windows between 1 and 40 GHz Band is essential for measurements of land and sea surface temperatures, soil moisture, wind intensity and precipitation over sea in combination with other windows between 1 and 40 GHz The frequency band GHz is also allocated to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, and the fixed services on a primary basis, taking into account No which contains some limits on transmission characteristics The frequency band GHz is also allocated to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, and the fixed services on a primary basis, taking into account No which contains some limits on transmission characteristics More than 30 countries do not apply these restrictions which may in any case not provide sufficient protection to EESS(passive) in accordance with Recommendation ITU-R SA.1029 More than 30 countries do not apply these restrictions which may in any case not provide sufficient protection to EESS(passive) in accordance with Recommendation ITU-R SA.1029 WRC-03 recognized in Resolution 742 that the EESS (passive) may experience harmful interference from unwanted emissions of systems of active services and that the provisions given in No may not be sufficient to ensure the protection of the EESS (passive) in the band GHz WRC-03 recognized in Resolution 742 that the EESS (passive) may experience harmful interference from unwanted emissions of systems of active services and that the provisions given in No may not be sufficient to ensure the protection of the EESS (passive) in the band GHz Measurements by the AMSR-E radiometer indicate already significant interference in geographically limited areas well above the regulatory thresholds Measurements by the AMSR-E radiometer indicate already significant interference in geographically limited areas well above the regulatory thresholds

28-29 Oct ESF WORK SHOP - CAGLIARI AGENDA ITEM 1.2 – REGULATORY ISSUES FOR GHz Consideration of Earth exploration-satellite (passive) service and space research (passive) service in accordance with Resolution 742 (WRC ‑ 03) Consideration of Earth exploration-satellite (passive) service and space research (passive) service in accordance with Resolution 742 (WRC ‑ 03) The frequency band GHz is allocated to the Earth exploration-satellite service (EESS) (passive) and to the space research service (passive) on a primary basis The frequency band GHz is allocated to the Earth exploration-satellite service (EESS) (passive) and to the space research service (passive) on a primary basis This band is also allocated to the fixed service and to the mobile service on a primary basis This band is also allocated to the fixed service and to the mobile service on a primary basis Information on Fixed Service point-to-multipoint systems is available but not on point-to-point systems operating in this band Information on Fixed Service point-to-multipoint systems is available but not on point-to-point systems operating in this band This band is not available for high-density applications in the fixed service (see No ) This band is not available for high-density applications in the fixed service (see No ) WRC-03 recognized that EESS (passive) systems may experience harmful interference if a high density of fixed-service stations is deployed in the band GHz and that sharing criteria may need to be defined WRC-03 recognized that EESS (passive) systems may experience harmful interference if a high density of fixed-service stations is deployed in the band GHz and that sharing criteria may need to be defined

28-29 Oct ESF WORK SHOP - CAGLIARI AGENDA ITEM 1.2 – REQUIRED ACTIVITIES 10.6 – GHz 10.6 – GHz ● Interference criteria between the EESS (passive) and the space research (passive) service on one hand and other primary services on the other hand need to be reviewed in the band GHz ● The results of sharing studies shall be submitted to relevant ITU-R working parties, in particular 7C ● The objective should be the inclusion of the suitable sharing criteria in the Radio Regulations 36 – 37 GHz 36 – 37 GHz ● Characteristics of active services operating or planning to operate in the band GHz need to be collected (currently only very few military applications expected to be deployed) ● Sharing studies need to be conducted between the passive services and the fixed and mobile services in the band GHz in order to define appropriate sharing criteria ● The results of these studies shall be submitted to relevant ITU-R working parties, in particular 7C ● The objective should be the inclusion of suitable sharing criteria in the Radio Regulations

28-29 Oct ESF WORK SHOP - CAGLIARI AGENDA ITEM 1.2 – STATUS OF STUDIES AND CPM TEXT 7 Contributions on 10.6 – GHz to WP7C 7 Contributions on 10.6 – GHz to WP7C ● Studies identified a lack of information on fixed service systems and need to be adjusted in line with information recently provided by WP9D ● Development of standard FS station deployment model is required for use in simulation studies ● Sensor antenna pattern (in particular on side lobes) has a significant impact on compatibility 7 Contributions on 36 – 37 GHz to WP7C 7 Contributions on 36 – 37 GHz to WP7C ● Development of standard FS station deployment model is required for use in simulation studies ● Very limited use is currently made of this band by the FS ● Deployment of FS stations expected mainly in urban and sub-urban areas ● Parametric approach considered most suitable in view of lack of actual FS data ● Currently significant general resistance to inclusion of limits in the Radio Regulations Some CPM has been recently drafted Some CPM has been recently drafted

28-29 Oct ESF WORK SHOP - CAGLIARI SENSOR ANTENNA PATTERNS FOR MULTIPLE INTERFERENCE SOURCES OR DYNAMIC CONSTELLATIONS

28-29 Oct ESF WORK SHOP - CAGLIARI AGENDA ITEM 1.5 – REGULATORY ISSUES Agenda Item 1.5 – Impact of Search for Spectrum in accordance with Resolution 230 Agenda Item 1.5 – Impact of Search for Spectrum in accordance with Resolution 230 WRC-03 decided to consider spectrum requirements and possible additional spectrum allocations for aeronautical telecommand and high bit-rate aeronautical telemetry, in accordance with Resolution 230 (WRC ‑ 03). WRC-03 decided to consider spectrum requirements and possible additional spectrum allocations for aeronautical telecommand and high bit-rate aeronautical telemetry, in accordance with Resolution 230 (WRC ‑ 03). There is a need to provide global spectrum to the mobile service for wideband aeronautical telemetry systems together with a need for additional spectrum required to meet future wideband aeronautical telemetry demands There is a need to provide global spectrum to the mobile service for wideband aeronautical telemetry systems together with a need for additional spectrum required to meet future wideband aeronautical telemetry demands A number of bands between 3 GHz and 30 GHz are already allocated to the mobile service, without excluding the aeronautical mobile service, on a secondary basis A number of bands between 3 GHz and 30 GHz are already allocated to the mobile service, without excluding the aeronautical mobile service, on a secondary basis There are emerging telemetry systems with large data transfer requirements to support testing of commercial aircraft and other airframes. There are emerging telemetry systems with large data transfer requirements to support testing of commercial aircraft and other airframes. Studies need to be monitored which may have an impact on passive bands in the range 3 to 30 GHz as potential candidate bands for aeronautical mobile telemetry systems, in particular those which have already an allocation to the mobile service. Studies need to be monitored which may have an impact on passive bands in the range 3 to 30 GHz as potential candidate bands for aeronautical mobile telemetry systems, in particular those which have already an allocation to the mobile service.

28-29 Oct ESF WORK SHOP - CAGLIARI AGENDA ITEM 1.6 – REGULATORY ISSUES Agenda Item 1.6 – Impact of Search for Spectrum for allocations to the Aeronautical Mobile service Agenda Item 1.6 – Impact of Search for Spectrum for allocations to the Aeronautical Mobile service WRC-03 decided to consider frequency allocations for the aeronautical mobile (R) service in parts of the bands between 108 MHz and 6 GHz in accordance with Resolution 414 (WRC-03) WRC-03 decided to consider frequency allocations for the aeronautical mobile (R) service in parts of the bands between 108 MHz and 6 GHz in accordance with Resolution 414 (WRC-03) Review of current satellite frequency allocations in support of moderization of civil aviation telecommunication systems, taking into account Resolution 415 (WRC-03) Review of current satellite frequency allocations in support of moderization of civil aviation telecommunication systems, taking into account Resolution 415 (WRC-03) Detailed plans not yet known but probably no impact on passive services Detailed plans not yet known but probably no impact on passive services Relevant studies need to be monitored Relevant studies need to be monitored

28-29 Oct ESF WORK SHOP - CAGLIARI AGENDA ITEM 1.7 – REGULATORY ISSUES AND STATUS Agenda Item 1.7 – Protection of the Space Research (passive) service around 1668 MHz Agenda Item 1.7 – Protection of the Space Research (passive) service around 1668 MHz Agenda item 1.7 will consider the results of ITU-R studies regarding sharing between the mobile- satellite service and the space research service (passive) in the band MHz, and between the mobile-satellite service and the mobile service in the band MHz in accordance with Resolution 744 (WRC ‑ 03) Agenda item 1.7 will consider the results of ITU-R studies regarding sharing between the mobile- satellite service and the space research service (passive) in the band MHz, and between the mobile-satellite service and the mobile service in the band MHz in accordance with Resolution 744 (WRC ‑ 03) In the past, a space research missions from Japan has used this band for VLBI applications as part of radio-astronomy observations In the past, a space research missions from Japan has used this band for VLBI applications as part of radio-astronomy observations Another system from Russia (Radio-Astron) is prepared and waiting for launch Another system from Russia (Radio-Astron) is prepared and waiting for launch Similar applications may make use of this band in future Similar applications may make use of this band in future Studies submitted to ITU-R need to be monitored to assure that no undue constraints are imposed on the space research (passive) service. Studies submitted to ITU-R need to be monitored to assure that no undue constraints are imposed on the space research (passive) service.

28-29 Oct ESF WORK SHOP - CAGLIARI AGENDA ITEM 1.8 – REGULATORY ISSUES Protection of EESS(passive) near 31.3 GHz from potential HAPS uplink transmissions Protection of EESS(passive) near 31.3 GHz from potential HAPS uplink transmissions The GHz band is allocated to the radio astronomy, Earth exploration ‑ satellite (passive) and space research (passive) services The GHz band is allocated to the radio astronomy, Earth exploration ‑ satellite (passive) and space research (passive) services Technical sharing and regulatory provisions for the application of HAPS stations operating in the bands GHz and 31 ‑ 31.3 GHz in response to Resolution 145 (WRC ‑ 03) for Region 2 Technical sharing and regulatory provisions for the application of HAPS stations operating in the bands GHz and 31 ‑ 31.3 GHz in response to Resolution 145 (WRC ‑ 03) for Region 2 WRC-03 amended No A to specify unwanted emission levels that would protect satellite passive services ( – 106 dB(W/MHz) under clear-sky conditions) and included protection requirements for the radio astronomy service WRC-03 amended No A to specify unwanted emission levels that would protect satellite passive services ( – 106 dB(W/MHz) under clear-sky conditions) and included protection requirements for the radio astronomy service Pending the completion of further studies, administrations in Region 2 can consider deployment of HAPS systems in the fixed service in 300 MHz of spectrum at GHz under the protection criteria of No A Pending the completion of further studies, administrations in Region 2 can consider deployment of HAPS systems in the fixed service in 300 MHz of spectrum at GHz under the protection criteria of No A

28-29 Oct ESF WORK SHOP - CAGLIARI AGENDA ITEM 1.8 – STATUS No A provides a good basis for proper long term protection of passive sensors operating in the band GHz as well as for the radio astronomy service No A provides a good basis for proper long term protection of passive sensors operating in the band GHz as well as for the radio astronomy service USA was never happy with the first unwanted emission limits in the Radio Regulations and attempts may be expected to soften or replace No A USA was never happy with the first unwanted emission limits in the Radio Regulations and attempts may be expected to soften or replace No A It is important to maintain No A, in particular as it contains the first unwanted emission specifications in the Radio Regulations which could open the door for others to follow It is important to maintain No A, in particular as it contains the first unwanted emission specifications in the Radio Regulations which could open the door for others to follow Additional studies carried out within ITU-R and text proposed for inclusion into the CPM report should be monitored with the objective to avoid any changes to No A Additional studies carried out within ITU-R and text proposed for inclusion into the CPM report should be monitored with the objective to avoid any changes to No A

28-29 Oct ESF WORK SHOP - CAGLIARI AGENDA ITEM 1.17 – REGULATORY ISSUES Agenda item 1.17 will consider the results of ITU-R studies on compatibility between the fixed-satellite service and other services around 1.4 GHz, in accordance with Resolution 745 (WRC ‑ 03) Agenda item 1.17 will consider the results of ITU-R studies on compatibility between the fixed-satellite service and other services around 1.4 GHz, in accordance with Resolution 745 (WRC ‑ 03) The band MHz is allocated to the Earth exploration-satellite service (EESS) (passive), radio astronomy and space research (passive) services on a primary basis in all Regions The band MHz is allocated to the Earth exploration-satellite service (EESS) (passive), radio astronomy and space research (passive) services on a primary basis in all Regions WRC-03 adopted secondary allocations for feeder links for the non ‑ geostationary (non ‑ GSO) systems in the mobile- satellite service (MSS) in the bands and MHz WRC-03 adopted secondary allocations for feeder links for the non ‑ geostationary (non ‑ GSO) systems in the mobile- satellite service (MSS) in the bands and MHz Studies in ITU ‑ R are incomplete for a number of services, including the EESS (passive) and space research Studies in ITU ‑ R are incomplete for a number of services, including the EESS (passive) and space research WRC-03 decided that the additional allocations to the FSS on a secondary basis in the bands MHz and MHz for feeder links shall not be used until the completion of ITU ‑ R studies on all identified compatibility issues WRC-03 decided that the additional allocations to the FSS on a secondary basis in the bands MHz and MHz for feeder links shall not be used until the completion of ITU ‑ R studies on all identified compatibility issues The results of these studies shall be reported to WRC ‑ 07 and relevant decisions should be taken by WRC ‑ 07 accordingly The results of these studies shall be reported to WRC ‑ 07 and relevant decisions should be taken by WRC ‑ 07 accordingly

28-29 Oct ESF WORK SHOP - CAGLIARI AGENDA ITEM 1.17 – STUDIES AND STATUS Almost 10 contributions have already been submitted to ITU-R Working Party 8D Almost 10 contributions have already been submitted to ITU-R Working Party 8D Agreements have been obtained between Working Parties 7C and 8D on suitable apportioning of interference for MSS feeder links taking into account their secondary status and the co-existance of other interference sources with a primary status Agreements have been obtained between Working Parties 7C and 8D on suitable apportioning of interference for MSS feeder links taking into account their secondary status and the co-existance of other interference sources with a primary status Dynamic computer simulation models have been used to derive statistical distributions of interference levels Dynamic computer simulation models have been used to derive statistical distributions of interference levels Hardware design and test measurement reports showed that very stringent attenuation levels can be met with appropriate pulse shaping and tight hardware performance specifications, if necessary in conjunction with a post amplifier filter Hardware design and test measurement reports showed that very stringent attenuation levels can be met with appropriate pulse shaping and tight hardware performance specifications, if necessary in conjunction with a post amplifier filter Three working documents on PDNRs are currently maintained within Working Party 8D which specify appropriate protection levels for passive services and related unwanted emission requirements for the MSS feeder links Three working documents on PDNRs are currently maintained within Working Party 8D which specify appropriate protection levels for passive services and related unwanted emission requirements for the MSS feeder links Draft CPM text has been prepared based on protection requirements for passive services Draft CPM text has been prepared based on protection requirements for passive services

28-29 Oct ESF WORK SHOP - CAGLIARI STUDY RESULTS FOR MSS UPLINKS IN THE BAND 1390 – 1392 MHz

28-29 Oct ESF WORK SHOP - CAGLIARI STUDY RESULTS FOR MSS DOWNLINKS IN THE BAND 1430 – 1432 MHz

28-29 Oct ESF WORK SHOP - CAGLIARI PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EESS(PASSIVE) In order to protect EESS(passive) in the band 1400 – 1427 MHz, unwanted emissions of MSS feeder links should not exceed the following power levels in the band MHz : In order to protect EESS(passive) in the band 1400 – 1427 MHz, unwanted emissions of MSS feeder links should not exceed the following power levels in the band MHz : ● –63 dBW at the antenna port of the MSS feeder link Earth station ● –46 dBW at the antenna port of the MSS satellite The actual required attenuation for a typical 100 kHz signal is 97 dB for the MSS uplinks and 70 dB on the MSS downlinks The actual required attenuation for a typical 100 kHz signal is 97 dB for the MSS uplinks and 70 dB on the MSS downlinks Such a high unwanted emission attenuation levels are considered feasible if modulation techniques with appropriate pulse shaping and tight hardware performance specifications are used, if necessary in conjunction with a post amplifier filter Such a high unwanted emission attenuation levels are considered feasible if modulation techniques with appropriate pulse shaping and tight hardware performance specifications are used, if necessary in conjunction with a post amplifier filter

28-29 Oct ESF WORK SHOP - CAGLIARI PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR THE RADIO ASTRONOMY SERVICE The following pfd limits shall be respected by each satellite of an MSS network (draft CPM text): The following pfd limits shall be respected by each satellite of an MSS network (draft CPM text): ● a pfd limit of –201 dBW/m² in 20 kHz at each radio astronomy station conducting spectral line observations in this band, and ● a pfd limit of –185 dBW/m² in 27 MHz at each radio astronomy station conducting continuum observations in this band Laboratory tests carried out by one MSS operator have shown that it was possible to achieve attenuation values of more 90 dB below the maximum spectrum density in the entire passive band without any post-amplifier filtering Laboratory tests carried out by one MSS operator have shown that it was possible to achieve attenuation values of more 90 dB below the maximum spectrum density in the entire passive band without any post-amplifier filtering Internal MSS multiplexer attenuation requirements will provide additional assurance to passive services that the required unwanted emission levels will have to be met Internal MSS multiplexer attenuation requirements will provide additional assurance to passive services that the required unwanted emission levels will have to be met Current studies within ITU-R indicate separation distances between MSS feeder uplink stations and radio astronomy stations of around 30 km Current studies within ITU-R indicate separation distances between MSS feeder uplink stations and radio astronomy stations of around 30 km

28-29 Oct ESF WORK SHOP - CAGLIARI AGENDA ITEM 1.20 – REGULATORY ISSUES Recommendation ITU ‑ R SM.1633 provides a list of band-pairs and a methodology for conducting the compatibility studies between active and passive services operating in adjacent and nearby bands Recommendation ITU ‑ R SM.1633 provides a list of band-pairs and a methodology for conducting the compatibility studies between active and passive services operating in adjacent and nearby bands WRC-03 recognized that Recommendation ITU ‑ R SM.1633 does not address all band-pairs where compatibility analyses need to be conducted WRC-03 recognized that Recommendation ITU ‑ R SM.1633 does not address all band-pairs where compatibility analyses need to be conducted The general limits in Appendix 3 may be insufficient in protecting the EESS (passive) in specific bands The general limits in Appendix 3 may be insufficient in protecting the EESS (passive) in specific bands Most of the frequency bands effected are very important for vertical sounding considering in particular the AMSU and MHS instruments Most of the frequency bands effected are very important for vertical sounding considering in particular the AMSU and MHS instruments WRC-03 considered it necessary to ensure an equitable burden sharing for achieving compatibility between active and passive services WRC-03 considered it necessary to ensure an equitable burden sharing for achieving compatibility between active and passive services Passive bands effected: Passive bands effected: ● 1400 – 1427 MHz ● 23.6 – 24 GHz ● 31.3 – 31.5 GHz ● 50.2 – 50.4 GHz ● 52.6 – GHz

28-29 Oct ESF WORK SHOP - CAGLIARI SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ADEQUATE PROTECTION OF EESS(passive) MAY BE CRITICAL - FIXED SERVICE DEPLOYMENT MODELS AND SENSOR ANTENNA PATTERNS WILL PLAY A MAJOR ROLE ADEQUATE PROTECTION OF EESS(passive) MAY BE CRITICAL - FIXED SERVICE DEPLOYMENT MODELS AND SENSOR ANTENNA PATTERNS WILL PLAY A MAJOR ROLE CURRENTLY NO THREATING ACTIVITIES ON AGENDA ITEMS 1.5 AND 1.6 CURRENTLY NO THREATING ACTIVITIES ON AGENDA ITEMS 1.5 AND 1.6 WORK HAS JUST STARTED ON AGENDA ITEM 1.7 BASED ON RADIO-ASTRON WORK HAS JUST STARTED ON AGENDA ITEM 1.7 BASED ON RADIO-ASTRON LITTLE ACTIVITY ON AGENDA ITEM 1.8 – EXISTING FOOTNOTE PROVIDES ADEQUATE PROTECTION AND SHALL BE MAINTAINED BY ALL MEANS LITTLE ACTIVITY ON AGENDA ITEM 1.8 – EXISTING FOOTNOTE PROVIDES ADEQUATE PROTECTION AND SHALL BE MAINTAINED BY ALL MEANS VERY INTENSE ACTIVITIES ON AGENDA ITEM 1.17 (DRAFT CPM TEXT PROVIDING MOST LIKELY ADEQUATE PROTECTION OF PASSIVE SERVICES) VERY INTENSE ACTIVITIES ON AGENDA ITEM 1.17 (DRAFT CPM TEXT PROVIDING MOST LIKELY ADEQUATE PROTECTION OF PASSIVE SERVICES) DIFFICULT AND INTENSIVE ACTIVITIES ON AGENDA ITEMS 1.20 AND 1.21 DIFFICULT AND INTENSIVE ACTIVITIES ON AGENDA ITEMS 1.20 AND 1.21