Joel V. Madison Ebara International Corporation Cryodynamics Division Sparks, NV AIChE Spring Meeting April 26-30, 2009 Tampa, Florida

Biography: Joel Madison Joel Madison graduated in 1988 with a Master of Science Degree in Aerospace Engineering from the Pennsylvania State University. He joined Ebara International in 1995 after working as a research engineer in the field of hypersonic propulsion in support of NASA’s development programs. He is currently serving as Chief Executive Officer the corporation. In addition to his responsibilities related to corporate management, he is still actively participating in development of novel technologies.

Joel V. Madison Ebara International Corporation Cryodynamics Division Sparks, NV AIChE Spring Meeting April 26-30, 2009 Tampa, Florida

Overview  Compact Configurations  Tandem Expander  Integrated Expander  Cross-Flow Expander  Cross-Flow Pump  Conclusions

Compact Pump-Expander: Design Options  Pump & expander separated by a seal  Common shaft  Common motor/generator  LNG & MR streams  TEM  Two-phase possibility

Compact Pump-Expander: Design Options Continued  Separate the motor/generator and cool with another available fluid, N 2  Thrust balance with third fluid  Two-phase expansion option

Compact Expander-Expander: Design Options  2 Expanders separated by a seal  Common shaft  Common generator  LNG & MR streams  TEM  Two-phase possibility

Compact Expander-Expander: Design Options Continued  Option to separate the generator and cool with another available fluid, N 2  Thrust balance with third fluid

Compact Designs: Advantages  Thrust is minimized due to opposite flow directions on a common shaft Less fluid is required for thrust balancing Thrust balancing using MR stream Hydraulic efficiency increases  Cooling motor/generator with MR stream increases process efficiency Heat transfer to MR stream not LNG

Compact Designs: Advantages Continued  Separating the motor/generator increases both process and hydraulic efficiency Heat transfer is absorbed by another fluid Thrust balancing achieved with third fluid  Compact Design = small footprint  Easily integrated into existing plants

Compact Designs: Advantages Continued  Increases electrical efficiency  Construction cost and payback period reduction  Overall increase in plant efficiency

Tandem Expander: Design  Two expanders located in one vessel  Operate in series  Accommodate large head with minimal increase in diameter  Finely tune to optimal operating point  Two-phase possibility

Tandem Expander: Advantages  Accommodate larger differential pressures without increasing diameter  Allows for multi-phase capacity and replaces both single and two-phase expansion through JT valves  Greater flexibility

Tandem Expander: Advantages Continued  Constant adjustment to process conditions maintains the best efficiency  Small footprint  Reduction in construction costs  Reduction in machine cost

Integrated Expander: Concept TraditionalIntegrated Expander JT Bypass Valve 7% Pipe Cooling Leakage Flow Expander External JT Valve 0% Pipe Cooling Leakage Flow Expander

Integrated Expander: Design  Expander and JT operating in parallel inside one vessel  Motorized cross-flow JT valve  Two-phase possibility

Integrated Expander: Cross-Flow Valve Cross-flow JT ValveCross-Flow JT Valve Operation

Integrated Expander: Advantages  Eliminate required leakage flow to keep bypass cold  Optimize power output for both reduced and overflow conditions

Optimizing Power Output for Reduced Flow

Optimizing Power Output for Overflow

Cross-Flow Expander: Design  Two expanders mounted in one vessel  Separate shafts and generators  Operate in parallel  Cross-Flow valve allows for flow control to both machines  Two-phase possibility

Cross-Flow Pump: Design  Two pumps mounted in one vessel  Separate shafts and motors  Operate in parallel  Cross-Flow valve between pumps to control flow for both machines

Cross-Flow Pump: Design Continued  Same design, with the addition of a smaller feeder pump  Feeder pump to increase head and account for height difference between upper and lower pumps

Cross-Flow Expander & Pump: Advantages  Up to 50% turndown  Maintain high machine efficiency with turndown  Higher flow capacity  Greater flexibility

Cross-Flow Expander & Pump: Advantages  Compact footprint  Piping reduction  Minimize construction costs  Maintain reasonable machine diameter  Maintain typical machine cost

Conclusions  New solutions using proven machinery to provide solutions to new demands in: Head Flow Efficiency Flexibility Compact size Cost effective Retro-fit for older plants