Cellular Energy

I. Energy for Living Things A. Organisms need energy to live B. Energy is the ability to do work

II. Energy Storing Molecules a. ATP and NADPH

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

ribose adenine phosphates A. ATP is made of ribose sugar, adenine, and three phosphate groups.

B. Organisms use ATP to temporarily store chemical energy.

C. ATP is replenished by eating food.

D. Energy is stored in bonds ribose adenine high energy bonds

E. Energy is released when a bond is broken And… adenosine diphosphate is produced (ADP) ribose adenine

IV. All energy on Earth comes from the Sun

A. Visible Light Waves 1. ROY G BIV

B. Chlorophyll- a pigment that absorbs violet, blue, and red light (inside chloroplasts).

` Autotroph- “self” Feeder (ex- plants) Heterotroph- Consumes other plants and animals (ex- animal)

I. Chloroplasts A. Chloroplasts: in leaves of plants- have chlorophyll

C Parts of the chloroplast 1. Stroma –fluid/space inside each chloroplast

2. Grana – stacks of Thylakoid sacs 3. Thylakoids –sacs which contain chlorophyll, site of photosynthesis

Thylakoids Grana Stroma

D. Why are leaves green? Because chlorophyll

V. Photosynthesis A. Photo – Light B. Synthesis – Putting together C. “making things with light”

D. Chloroplasts capture light energy and build carbohydrates (food) from raw materials.

E. Photosynthesis equation 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Light energy

VI. Light Reaction 1. Light energy from the sun hits chlorophyll molecules 2. ATP and NADPH is formed 3. Used H ₂O and produces O₂

4. ATP and NADPH are used as energy for the dark reaction

VI. Dark Reaction or Calvin Cycle 1. The second part of photosynthesis 2. doesn’t need light energy to occur

VI. Calvin Cycle/ Dark Cycle 3.Carbon dioxide (from the air) and ATP and NADPH from the light reaction are used to make carbohydrates (food).

Cellular Respiration A. Cellular Respiration takes sugar from photosynthesis and uses oxygen to make energy(ATP) for the body. B. Photosynthesis and respiration are complementary processes

Cellular Respiration C. Overall Reaction C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy Energy = the ability to do work

D. Cellular Respiration occurs in all living organisms (including plants and animals)