Climate and currents. Temperature in Kola section.

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Presentation transcript:

Climate and currents

Temperature in Kola section

The main fish species in the Norwegian/ Barents Sea ecosystem Norwegian Sea –Herring –Blue whiting –Saithe –Mackerel Barents Sea –Cod –Capelin –Haddock –Saithe –Polar cod –Herring –Blue whiting?

Distribution and migration of the main stocks

Biology of the main Norwegian and Barents Sea stocks Cod Capelin Herring Haddock Saithe Polar cod Blue whiting

Biology of the main Norwegian and Barents Sea stocks Cod (torsk) Capelin Herring Haddock Saithe Polar cod Blue whiting

Biology cod (Gadus morhua) A predator (fish eater) –At lengths above ~30 cm (3 years) fish is the main food item. Capelin, when present, is preferred Age and length at maturation: 6-8 years, cm Maximum length: 150 cm Good recruitment has been observed in periods of high inflow of Atlantic water to the Barents Sea, but...

Cod, distribution and migrations

Cod, catch and stock history

Biology of the main Norwegian and Barents Sea stocks Cod Capelin (lodde) Herring Haddock Saithe Polar cod Blue whiting

Biology capelin (Mallotus villosus) A small, schooling, pelagic fish, specialised plankton feeder Age and length at maturation: 3-5 years, cm Maximum length: cm A functional ”energy pump” – transports energy produced by primary and secondary producers from north to south and up through the food chain Is semelparous: Spawn once and then die

Capelin, distribution and migrations

Capelin, catch and stock history

Biology of the main Norwegian and Barents Sea stocks Cod Capelin Herring (sild) Haddock Saithe Polar cod Blue whiting

Biology herring (Clupea harengus) A pelagic, schooling fish, specialised plankton feeder Age and length at maturity: 4-5 years, cm Good recruitment occurs in periods of high inflow of Atlantic water to the Barents Sea, simultaneously with the cod, but...

Herring, distribution in the 1990s

Herring, catch and stock history

Biology of the main Norwegian and Barents Sea stocks Cod Capelin Herring Haddock (hyse) Saithe Polar cod Blue whiting

Biology haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) A specialized benthic feeder Max size/age 110 cm, 19 kg, 20 years

Haddock, distribution and migrations

Haddock, catch and stock history

Biology of the main Norwegian and Barents Sea stocks Cod Capelin Herring Haddock Saithe (sei) Polar cod Blue whiting

Saithe (Pollachius virens), biology Mainly pelagic, cod-like fish Are fish-eaters as adults Max size/age: 130 cm, 20 kg, 30 years

Saithe, distribution and migration

Saithe, catch and stock history

Biology of the main Norwegian and Barents Sea stocks Cod Capelin Herring Haddock Saithe Polar cod (polartorsk) Blue whiting

Polar cod (Boreogadus saida), biology A semipelagic, schooling cod-like fish A true arctic species, capable of living in temperatures well below zero Feed on zooplankton Max size/age: 25cm, 100g, ~5 years

Polar cod, distribution and migrations

Polar cod, catch and stock history

Biology of the main Norwegian and Barents Sea stocks Cod Capelin Herring Haddock Saithe Polar cod Blue whiting (kolmule)

Blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou), biology A deep pelagic fish in the cod family Feed on plankton, fish larvae etc. Max size/age: 50 cm, ½ kg, years

Blue whiting, distribution and migrations

Blue whiting, catch and stock history

Fish population interactions as observed in the Barents Sea during the last ~30 years

Capelin recruitment

Cod consumption

Cod growth

Cod cannibalism

Precautionary reference points Fishing mortality F F pa F lim B pa B lim Sustainably harvested unsustainably Full Reproductive Capasity reduced