The role of uneven-aged silviculture in diversifying forests in Britain: to adapt to climate change and increase resilience to pests and diseases Gary Kerr Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey, United Kingdom.
Structure of presentation 1.Introduction to forests in Britain 2.Future challenges 3.Increasing resilience 4.Conclusions/Future concepts
Distribution of forests in GB
Typical upland plantations of Picea sitchensis 14/05/2015 4
Impact of pests and diseases
Pests and diseases Chalara on Ash!!!
Forest of Dean Today Coleford
Forest of Dean s High
The big challenge! How can we adapt forests to increase resilience to biotic threats and climate change, whilst maintaining productivity?
What is resilience? Resilience: the capacity of a plant community to maintain or regain normal function and development following disturbance. Helms, J The dictionary of forestry. CABI International, Oxford.
Ways to increase resilience Three main options: 1.Species choice and deployment 2.Silvicultural systems / forest structure (thinning) 3.Genetics
Our forests today 5 conifer species account for 88% of the total 5 broadleaved species account for over 72% of the total 10 tree species account for 80% of our woodland!!!! Broadleaved species today
2. Silvicultural systems 14/05/
Sitka spruce at Clocaenog
3. Genetics
Provenance of Abies alba L. Data were analyzed using GLMM and results showed that site (P=0.026) and provenance (p<0.001) were significant but site x provenance was not significant (p=0.578)
Summary – Resilient Forests A key ‘future concept’ in forest management is resilience What does it mean? How can it be assessed/measured? Is the science in place to advise policy? Is understanding advanced enough to develop forestry practice?
Spruce Serbian spruce: Picea ormorikaOriental spruce: Picea orientalis
Redwoods Coast redwood: Sequoia sempervirens Wellingtonia: Sequoiadendron giganteum
Crytomeria: Japanese cedar Japanese cedar: Cryptomeria japonica
Cedars Atlas cedar: Cerdus atlantica Cedar of lebanon: Cedrus libani Himalayan cedar: Cedrus diodara
Western red Cedar: Thuja plicata Leyland cyprus: Cupressus x leylandii
European Fir’s European silver fir: Abies albaGreek fir: Abies cephalonica
Old favourites! Western hemlock: Tsuga heterophyllaDouglas-fir: Pseudotsuga menziesii