The Early Spanish Explorers and Their Connection to Utah Unit 3: Chapter 4 - The Great Encounter

Bell Activity Your words are “ethnocentricity” and “presidio”. This is a no gum class. Please dispose of it properly! Your words are “ethnocentricity” and “presidio”. Find the word on your study guide and complete the following information for the word. Find the definition using a glossary. Use your own knowledge and experience to complete the rest of the definition. Where should your backpack be?

Does your work look something like this? Word: ethnocentricity My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition: Draw a picture of it: Sentence: Synonym/ Example: Antonym/Non-Example:

Does your work look something like this? Word: ethnocentricity My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition: the belief in the superiority Draw a picture of it: of one’s own culture Sentence: Ethnocentricity led many explorers, conquistadors, and settlers to treat the people they met poorly. Synonym/ Example: superior, prejudice Antonym/Non-Example: egalitarian, tolerance

Does your work look something like this? Word: presidio My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition: Draw a picture of it: Sentence: Synonym/ Example: Antonym/Non-Example:

Does your work look something like this? Word: presidio My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition: a Spanish military post built Draw a picture of it: to protect settlers and Catholic priests From Indian attack. Sentence: Many presidios were built in New Mexico and California to protect the Missions & the Catholic priests who lived there. Synonym/ Example: fortress, fort, citadel Antonym/Non-Example: mission

Bell Activity Your word is “retrieve”. This is a no gum class. Please dispose of it properly! Your word is “retrieve”. Find the word on your yellow study guide and complete the following information for the word. Find the definition using a glossary. Use your own knowledge and experience to complete the rest of the definition. Review for counties test! Where should your backpack be?

Does your work look something like this? Word: retrieve My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition: Draw a picture of it: Sentence: Synonym/ Example: Antonym/Non-Example:

Does your work look something like this? Word: retrieve My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition: Draw a picture of it: Sentence: Synonym/ Example: recover, take back, regain Antonym/Non-Example: lose, give away

What are we going to learn? History Objective – We will describe how the early Spanish explorers paved the way for the first non-Indians to enter Utah. Behavior Objective – Work Ethic: Listen to the presentation and write down the most important details in your notes. Language Objective – We will listen for important information to include in our notes.

The Impact of the Voyages of Columbus In 1492, Columbus made his first voyage west, finding the Americas. Although Columbus was not the first non-Native American to arrive in the Americas, his voyage awakened Europe to a new reality. There was a new land to explore, conquer, convert, and settle across the ocean. http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/13169-christopher-columbus-the-first-voyage-to-the-new-world-video.htm

Spain’s Advantage The Spanish had around a hundred years head start before other European powers began to make serious attempts at conquest and colonization. By then, Spain had created an empire.

New Explorers Spain sent new explorers to claim North and South America. They quickly subdued many of the islands in the Caribbean before setting their sights on the mainland, where rich and advanced civilizations were rumored to exist.

Conquest and Colonies The Spanish conquistadores, like Cortez (1519-22) and Pizarro (1532), invaded and took over the advanced civilizations in Meso and South America. They would likely not have succeeded if disease and other factors had not weakened the great empires they encountered. The Spanish were the first to establish colonies in North America.

The Search for Riches Hoping to duplicate the success of Cortez and Pizarro, other explorers went north into what is now the United States. Coronado (1540-2) was one of these early explorers. He hoped to find Cibola, the fabled cities of gold, but only succeeded in mapping much of the terrain. This information along with that collected by other explorers helped future settlers of the land. A different video selection about Coronado: http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/12838-new-world-explored-the-spanish-search-for-gold-video.htm

Santa Fe becomes an important city. Spanish pioneers created new settlements, one of which was Santa Fe (1610). Although they would like to have found gold or silver, they were mostly interested in converting Native Americans to Catholicism. Future expeditions used Santa Fe as a starting point.

Expanding European Powers Over the course of the next 200+ years, Spain’s hold over North and South America expanded greatly. Other European powers were also joining in the race to conquer and colonize. The map shows the extent of the European powers at the beginning of the 1700s.

Spain Looks to Expand North The English, French, and Russians were each making claims on North America. The competition for land and resources in the Americas eventually caused Spain to expand north into what is now the United States.

Spanish Culture As they expanded, the Spanish established presidios and missions on the frontier. Presidios were military outposts that protected Spanish priests and settlers. Missions were places that priests established to teach and convert the local Native Americans. (Note the dates in the video for your groups timeline.) http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/12376-spanish-colonial-america-missions-come-to-california-video.htm

The Old Spanish Trail With the development of missions and settlements in California, the Spanish in Santa Fe and other settlements wanted to be able to trade with them. They needed a reliable trail that could take them to the coast of California.

Juan Maria Antonio de Rivera Almost 300 years after Columbus, Juan Rivera (1765) became the first non-Indian who is known to have entered Utah. An Indian from the Ute tribe had brought a silver ingot to a town near Santa Fe. This made the Spanish interested in exploring northward to find its source. Rivera wanted to find the source of the Colorado River and silver deposits that the Spanish could mine.

Rivera’s Expedition in Utah Rivera followed trails that were already used by the Indians and Spanish raiders. He entered Utah near Monticello and moved around the La Sal mountains. His expedition moved down the Spanish valley to near what is now the city of Moab. His expedition found a ford (river crossing) that would later be used on the Spanish Trail.

A New Expedition In 1776, the same year that the Declaration of Independence was signed in Philadelphia, a new expedition set out from Santa Fe to find a route to California.

Leaders of an Expedition This new expedition was led by two Catholic priests, Francisco Dominguez & Silvestre Escalante. With them went a map maker named Don Bernardo Miera y Pacheco, who created the first detailed maps of what would become Utah. They set out for Santa Fe and traveled through much of Utah.

Native Americans & the Expedition While they traveled through eastern Utah, Dominguez and Escalante met two Ute Indian whom they called Silvestre and Joaquin. They guided the fathers to an area near Provo where they saw many villages along the shore. They even saved the lives of the expedition when they came upon unfriendly natives.

Let’s read… We are going to present a Reader’s Theatre based on the expeditions of Rivera, Garces, and Dominguez and Escalante. You will use the Reader’s Theatre to answer questions about the Spanish & their Utah connection.

What do you think? The Spanish explored for gold, conquered Indians, and brought devout missionaries to spread the Catholic religion. What do you think about their mixed desire for wealth, power, and religion? Think of instances of these ideas in the world today. Why do people often think “my way, or no way” when it comes to power and religion?

Let’s track the expedition on our map to see which Native territories they entered.

Timeline Now let’s work together to create a timeline. Include the date and a short summary of the event.

Bell Activity Your words are “barter” and “retrieve”. This is a no gum class. Please dispose of it properly! Your words are “barter” and “retrieve”. Find the word on your yellow study guide and complete the following information for the word. Find the definition using a glossary. Use your own knowledge and experience to complete the rest of the definition. Where should your backpack be?

Does your work look something like this? Word: barter My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition: Draw a picture of it: Sentence: Synonym/ Example: Antonym/Non-Example:

Does your work look something like this? Word: barter My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition: Draw a picture of it: Sentence: Synonym/ Example: trade, bargain, haggle Antonym/Non-Example: buy or sell

Does your work look something like this? Word: retrieve My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition: Draw a picture of it: Sentence: Synonym/ Example: Antonym/Non-Example:

Does your work look something like this? Word: retrieve My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition: Draw a picture of it: Sentence: Synonym/ Example: recover, take back, regain Antonym/Non-Example: lose, give away