Bariatric Surgery in the Waikato: The 360 o View J Wu*, D Schroeder,** B Gibbison,* J McClymont* Waikato Adult Weight Management Programme* Surgical Obesity Service**

Roux-en Y Gastric Bypass Surgery Restrictive: – 15ml gastric pouch Malabsorptive – Bypass to ~50 cm distal to DJ flexure

Quantity & Demographics 45 patients ( ) 31% men: 69% women Age: y/o (48+/-10) BMI: 44 +/-6. Ethnicity: NZ Europ.60.0% NZ Maori31.1% Pacific Is.6.7% Unspecified2.2%

Obesity Related Disorders Diabetes: 90% – Diet: 4% – Orals: 30% – Insulin: 66% IGT: 7% OSA: 40% HTN: 93%

Patient Tracking post Surgery Weight Loss Health Benefits Quality of Life (SF36) (2007 onwards) Complications

Weight Loss Peaks at 1 yr at ~25% of Baseline Weight Loss Trend to regain some weight long term. At > 2Y post surgery: % Base. Wt.<10%>10 - <20>20 - <30>30 % of Patients

Good Losers vs Poor Loosers: What’s the difference? Formally compared weight loss between: – Ethnic groups – +/- previous AWMP participation – Male vs. Female – Age groups – Baseline Quality of Life Measurements (SF36)

What’s the difference? Formally compared weight loss between: – Ethnic groups - none – +/- previous AWMP participation – Male vs. Female – Age groups – Baseline Quality of Life Measurements (SF36)

What’s the difference? Formally compared weight loss between: – Ethnic groups - none – +/- previous AWMP participation - none – Male vs. Female – Age groups – Baseline Quality of Life Measurements (SF36)

What’s the difference? Formally compared weight loss between: – Ethnic groups - none – +/- previous AWMP participation - none – Male vs. Female - none – Age groups – Baseline Quality of Life Measurements (SF36)

What’s the difference? Formally compared weight loss between: – Ethnic groups - none – +/- previous AWMP participation - none – Male vs. Female - none – Age groups - Yes – Baseline Quality of Life Measurements (SF36)

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What’s the difference? Formally compared weight loss between: – Ethnic groups - none – +/- previous AWMP participation - none – Male vs. Female - none – Age groups - Yes – Baseline Quality of Life Measurements (SF36) - Yes

Physical Function & Bodily Pain Scores: Negative Correlation with Future Wt Loss? r = (rsq=0.47) Increased physical limitations & bodily pain may predict better future weight loss.

Role Limitation due to Emotional & General Mental Health Sum of Scores: Positive Correlation with Future Wt Loss? r = 0.52 (rsq = 0.27) Suggests that poor mental health may carry a risk of poor future weight loss.

Additional Observations Patient who tend to lose weight well in the first year, tend to do better long term. Patients selected early in the programme tended to achieve less overall weight loss than those selected later in the programme. – Formally compare weight loss at 1 Y for patients who received surgery from with those who received surgery in 2008.

2008 vs Surgeries Age: No difference SF36 QOL: – Physical Function Score: – 65 ( group) vs 28 (2008 group): p= Addition of Behavioural Therapist at the end of the Surgical Obesity Service. Better selection of patient?

Health Improvements: Diabetes Cure rate (as assessed by HBA1c) – Diet alone: 100% – Oral Rx: 73% (88%: able to D/C meds) – Insulin: 0% 60%: able to D/C insulin and onto orals or diet 40%: decrease insulin usage by 62% Improvement in HBA1c of those not cured: – 8.9+/-2.3% to 7.4+/-1.5% (p=0.02)

Health Improvements: OSA: – 41% were able to discontinue CPAP machine. Hypertension – 26% D/C meds – 139/79 to 126/71: p= Urine Microalbumin:Cr – 46% had normalisation of ratio CRP – 9.8 to 2.8 mg/L: p=0.015

Health Improvements: Lipids Total CLDL-CHDL-CTg Baseline > 1Y Post- Surgery p value

SF36 QOL Improvements

Surgical Complications No mortalities Post-operative infections: 6% Abdominal surgery: 4% (adhesions) OGD for symptoms of obstruction:16% – 29% of OGD were normal-no cause found

Nutritional Deficiencies Routine supplementation: – All: MVI – Women: Ca & Fe/Folate No detectable deficiencies – < 16% Nutrient% of Patients Vitamin B1252 Vitamin D29 Iron16 Protein16 Vitamin E2

Other Complications Post-operative gout attack: 7% Renal Nephrolithiasis: 4% Bilateral Peripheral Neuropathy: 2% Psychological: 16% – DSM Psychological Disorders with MH involvement: 44% – Referral to psychologist privately: 56%

Roux en Y Gastric Bypass Surgery: Weight Loss ~13% fail to lose weight effectively (~20% in literature f ) Tendency to regain some weight at 2 Y. fj – Younger adults do better – Increased perceived bodily pain & poor physical function prior to surgery – may do better. – Decreased mental health affecting function – may do worse.* F Sugerman et al., Am. J. Surg :93;Brolin et al., Surgery :337. j Maclean et al., Am. J. Surg. 1993: 165:155.*Herpertz et al., Obesity Res : 1554.

Roux en Y Gastric Bypass Surgery: Health Benefits Diabetes OSA Hypertension Lipids Markers of CV risk Quality of Life

Roux en Y Gastric Bypass Surgery: Complications Of the patients who continue to f/u with > 1 Y data, 12% have had no complications to date. Category% of Patients Surgical26 Nutritional84 Psychological16 Other13

Roux en Y Gastric Bypass Surgery: Conclusions Care with patient selection Care with patient preparation for best results & expectations Continued monitoring for complications – Surgical – Nutritional – Psychological

Acknowledgements Waikato Diabetes Service – Peter Dunn – Susie Ryan Adult Weight Management Programme – Sharon Moore Surgical Obesity Service – Carol Stidolph – Andrea Schroeder – Ann Monahan – Donna Southwick – Zola McDonald