Lesson 9.3 Fact Finder

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The Peloponnesian War Begins A. 400’s BC, Athens and Sparta were the most powerful Greek city-states

The Peloponnesian War Begins 1. Leaders of Athens wanted more power over other Greek city-states 2. Leaders of Sparta feared Athens would become stronger than they were

The Peloponnesian War Begins a. Led to a rivalry between the two

The Peloponnesian War Begins B. Athens placed city-states of Delian League under an Athenian Empire

The Peloponnesian War Begins 1. They received many tributes and treasury overflowed 2. Pericles used this to strengthen city’s defense walls

Athens Defense Walls

The Peloponnesian War Begins a. Walls connected Athens to port of Piraeus b. Also invested money into the navy

Piraeus

The Peloponnesian War Begins C. Sparta was alarmed by these actions 1. Tension turned to fighting that lasted 15 years 2. In about 445 B.C., both sides signed Thirty Years’ War Treaty

Activity Turn to pages 336 and 337 of your textbook and let’s observe an Athenian warship.

Renewed Fighting A. 14 years later, Athens and Sparta began fighting again 1. Sparta invaded Attica, people fled to safety in the walls of Athens city

Renewed Fighting 1. Spartan army destroyed the abandoned homes and crops 2. A plague broke out in Athens killing many, including Pericles B. Athens suffered through many leaders in the following years

Renewed Fighting B. Sparta built up its navy and defeated the Athens in 405 B.C. 1. The Athenians surrendered to the Spartans a year later

III. The Thirty Tyrants A. Spartans decided terms of peace 1. They broke up the Athenian Empire and limited it to 12 ships 2. Also ordered Athens to close the port of Piraeus and take down the city walls

The Thirty Tyrants B. Sparta also took control of Athenian government 1. They replaced democracy with a dictatorship a. This is a government with absolute power

The Thirty Tyrants B. This dictatorship was an oligarchy with 30 pro-Spartan aristocrats i. They were known as the Thirty Tyrants, due to their cruel rule

The Thirty Tyrants ii. They threw former leaders in prison iii. Also killed many Athenians and forced many others into exile

The Thirty Tyrants 2. Thirty Tyrants ignored Athenian laws and took citizens’ rights away

IV. Athens Regains Independence A. Other Greek city-states helped Athenians by taking them in 1. In Thebes, an exiled Athenian General formed an army to regain Athens 2. Thebans helped them to regain the port of Piraeus

Athens Regains Independence a. The leader of the Thirty Tyrants was killed in the battle b. Other tyrants asked Sparta for help

Athens Regains Independence B. Sparta refused to help the Thirty Tyrants, and the Three Thousand regained control 1. They set out to restore democracy

Important Note The Thirty Tyrants were overthrown, and the new leaders tried to restore Athenian democracy. Since many people still wanted strong leaders, Athenian democracy never fully recovered.

Competition Among City-States A. Athens and Sparta had both suffered from years of fighting 1. Sparta tried to regain trade and power by conquering city-states under Persian Control

Competition Among City-States B. Corinth, Athens, Argos formed the Corinthian Alliance in 375 BC

Competition Among City-States 1. Sparta defeated the alliance C. Soon after, Athens and 70 other city-states allied with Thebes to defeat Sparta

Thebes

Competition Among City-States 1. In 371BC, the alliance defeated Sparta 2. Thebes freed Sparta’s helots and allowed them to form their own city-state, Messene

Messene

Competition Among City-States D. Resentment towards Thebes’s power 1. Athens and its allies attacked Thebes but lost a. Theban leader was killed in battle b. Thebes lost power over Greece

Competition Among City-States E. The city-states of Greece continued to fight over power 1. Competition for power and wealth led to conflicts a. This led Greece to become unstable

Wrap Up What events led to a rivalry between Sparta and Athens? What did Pericles do to prepare Athens for war? Who were the Thirty Tyrants? How did Athens government change following its independence?