BELLWORK 1.Explain how WWII was fought at sea. What were they fighting for? How did they fight? 2.What was the significance of the naval war for the outcome of WWII? (163) 3.How was aircraft used in WWII? List three ways! 4.THINKER: How did the new fighting methods of WWII blur the line between combatant and civilian? After the introduction of the P51B Mustang in 1944, the bombing campaign intensified and they were able to take on Luftwaffe fighters. By June 1944, the Germans were not able to recover and the Allies had total air superiority.

Reminders!!! Sub tomorrow – Civilians at War video Next week is an adjusted block schedule For Monday (pd. 4) & Tuesday (pd.5): – Finish reading ch. 8 packet (focus on why Allies were victorious) – Complete the weapons/strategies portion of the “Fighting WWII packet” – You do NOT need to fill in the Pacific battles, we will go over those next week!

World War II in Europe Total War blurred the lines between combatant and civilian

Allied Strategy Defeating Germany is top priority Attack in Europe first While Stalin fights Germany in USSR, UK & US use navy/air to take N. Africa  Italy Goal  Force an unconditional surrender

Operation Barbarossa Germany invaded the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941 (launched from Poland) 3-Pronged Attack: Leningrad, Moscow, Kiev  success…..for now….. WINTER!!!! Changes to Soviet Army (modernized, increased use of tanks, artillery, reformed air force, used radio)

Operation Barbarossa Outcome: USSR declares war Soviets launch counter-offensive at Stalingrad Soviet patriotism and unity (save “Mother Russia”) Motivated by German atrocities Stalin withdrawals himself from military control and allows commanders more freedom (increased confidence and pride in military) USSR lost ¾ its iron, coal and steel, 1/3 of its railways…..but still able to out-produce Germans Shift to wartime economy Aide from US & UK

Battle of Stalingrad Hitler reached Stalingrad by August 1942 & occupied the city Russians refused to surrender and launched a counter-offensive surrounding Germans in a pincer movement Turning point in the East!!! Germany surrendered  stopped Hitler’s eastern advance 250,000 dead Soviets take the offensive and regain territory

The Defeat of Nazi Germany (pg.151) By 1942, Allies had enough resources to open a second front (Mediterranean) Allies take back North Africa – Prevented German takeover of Egypt & Suez Canal – Provided a launching position for next target – Italy Nazi General, Erwin Rommel – “Desert Fox”

Invasion of North Africa

Fall of Italy ( ) Southern offensive began in July 1943 Within six weeks, Allies gained Sicily and move up Italian peninsula Fascism fell from power Mussolini was overthrown In June 1944, Italy surrendered! Germany is left to fight alone in Europe

Mussolini’s Death Italian government wanted to punish Mussolini for war crimes Tried to escape to Switzerland He was caught by soldiers and executed the next day Shot by firing squad, body hung in city where civilians beat, kicked, spat, and stoned his dead body. Show video clip!

D-Day June 6, 1944 Largest combined land-sea-air battle in history Allied forces landed on Normandy Beach (France) and pushed the Germans back Turning point of WWII on Western Front

Battle of the Bulge December 1944 – January 1945 Germany’s last offensive attack Invaded Belgium and created a “bulge” in Allied defense lines Germans lost and were pushed back

Yalta Conference February 1945 Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met at Yalta (Soviet Union) to discuss the postwar world Formed the United Nations Divided Germany and Berlin into four zones Stalin obtained Poland if he promised to allow free elections Stalin gained Pacific islands if he promised to declare war on Japan

KEEP IN MIND: Stalin is gong to break these promises = COLD WAR!!!!

FDR’s Death FDR was elected to his 4 th term in 1944; with a new VP After 12 years in office and four presidential terms, FDR died on April 12, 1945 Died from a cerebral hemorrhage (stroke) Replaced by VP Harry Truman "Men will thank God on their knees a hundred years from now that Franklin D. Roosevelt was in the White House” (NY Times Editorial; 1945)

Death of Hitler The Allies surrounded Germany and it became clear the Axis powers would lose. Hitler committed suicide in an underground bunker on April 30, 1945

War in Europe is over! Berlin fell to the Allies on May 2, 1945 Germany surrenders May 8 th : V-E Day (Victory in Europe) Who is left?

War in Europe is over!!

Why did the Allies defeat Hitler? Weakness of Axis PowersStrengths of Allied Powers

WWII Animated Map Prepare to be amazed…….