Creating Russia

Slavs & Vikings  Rurik- builds cities like Kiev  Vladimir I- 989 CE  Christianity or Islam?

Mongols Invade  Batu Khan  Rule for over 200 years  Created tributes to Tatar State  Low on $, cannot build

Ivan The Great  Ivan III  1480 CE  Refused to pay tributes  Created the Kremlin, filled cities with churches

Ivan The Terrible  Ivan IV  1533 CE  Began conquest & Colonialization of Siberia  “Reign of Terror”  First Czar (Supreme Ruler)

Romanov Dynasty  1613 CE  Rule for 304 years  1698 CE- Peter the Great  Western Society- cut beards of nobles  Revolutionary Ideas -stronger military, expanded territory, developed trade with Western Europe  New Capital created St. Petersburg “A window into the West”  1760 CE- Catherine the Great  Continued Peter’s reforms

Napoleon Invades  1812 CE- Russian Winter

The Alexander's  Czar Alexander II  Freed serfs in 1861, no education, moved to cities  Russification- made people convert, follow eastern orthodox Christianity, speech, persecutions  1891 Czar Alexander III  Expansion into Siberia  Construction of Trans-Siberian RR  Completed 1916

Pre- Russian Revolution  Only true autocracy left in Europe  No type of representative political institutions  Nicholas II -Tsar in 1884  Divine Right  Backlash of poverty and Russification  Revolution broke out in 1905

Russian Revolution  Socialism- Belief of greater economic equality in society  Discontented working class  Vast majority of workers concentrated in St. Petersburg and Moscow  Poor peasants  No individual land ownership

Russian Revolution Cont.  Russia industrialized  On backs of the peasants  Military mutinies, social unrest, strikes  1905 Revolution: Middle Class  Duma  October Manifesto  Fundamental Law

Karl Marx  Communism  Advocated public ownership of all land  Classless Society  Equal sharing of wealth

Alexandra: The Power Behind the Throne  Husband a weak man  Committed more autocracy than her husband  Pogroms, politicians murdered  Rasputin- Man behind Alexandra  Healer, Alexandra’s right hand

WWI  Strikes  Corrupt military leadership and contempt for ordinary Russian people  Average peasant has very little invested in the War

WWI Cont.  Poorly supplied troops  Result: Chaos and Disintegration of the Russian Army  Spreading Discontent

WWI Cont  Nicholas leaves for the Front— September, 1915  Alexandra and Rasputin throw the government into chaos  accused of treason

March Revolution  March Revolution  Food Riots and Strikes  Duma become provisional gov’t  March 17 th Czar abdicated  All for Soviets

Vladimir Lenin  Founder of Bolshevism (Communist party)  Exiled to Siberia, moved to London  Once Provisional gov’t failed, swept in and took over  “Peace, Land, and Bread”  “All Power to the Soviets”

November Revolution: Red Army vs. White Army  Political Police organized: CHEKA  Revolutionary army created with Trotsky in charge -- “Red Army”  Bolshevik Party renamed Communist Party in March of 1918  Fought against “White Army” the old guard

Bolsheviks Win  creating Union of Soviet Socialist Republics USSR  Regain Land  Death of Lenin strokes

Beginning of Stalin and Superpower  Creation of industrial giant  Controlled farms and factories  Millions killed, starved  WWII- created world power  Cold War- Nuclear weapons, propaganda, aid to countries

Fall of Soviet Union  Workers Wages, spoils of leaders  Gorbachev- changes for the better  1989 Satellites overthrown  1991 Independence of all countries  Market Economy  Outdated Factories, Agriculture  Vladimir Putin