4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 1 URBAN POVERTY MAPPING UPA Package 4, Module 1

4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 2 Urban Poverty Mapping Module 4.1 Urban Poverty and Data Sources Module 4.2 Statistics Module 4.3 Geographical Information Systems Rationale and Objectives of Educational Package ”Urban Poverty Mapping”

4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 3 Urban Poverty Mapping Lessons (12) Exercises (9) based on Netherlands and Enschede data Exercises (3) based on Cebu data Self study Exam

4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4 Urban Poverty, Remote Sensing and GIS Urban Poverty (package 1), Land (package 2) and Settlement Improvement (package 3) Slums, Poverty and Inequity Remote Sensing, can you see the poor? GIS and Urban Poverty Mapping

4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 5 Multi-dimensions of Poverty (Educational Package 1) Urban Poverty Monetary dimensions Non- Monetary dimensions Income Consumption Healthy and Nutrition Poverty Education Poverty Basic services and Living conditions others e.g. empowerment

4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 6 90%of the population growth between 2000 and 2030 will take place in the cities of the developing world

4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 7 Urban Growth

4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 8

9 Access to Land and Security of Tenure (Educational Package 2) Background of insecure tenure (poverty / invasions AND weak institutional/legal frameworks) Importance of (de-facto) security of tenure for settlement development Policies, programmes and (project) interventions 27 minutes video BBC World: Land Rites / Negative impact of forced evictions

4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 10 Security of Land Tenure Security of tenure describes an agreement between an individual or group on land and residential property which is governed and regulated by a legal and administrative framework. The security derives from the fact that the right of access to and use of the land and property is underwritten by a known set of rules, and that this right is justifiable. The tenure can be effected in a variety of ways, depending on constitutional and legal frameworks, social norms, cultural values, and to some extent, individual preferences (UNCHS, 1999).

4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 11 Security of Land Tenure

4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 12 Land Management and Poverty Alleviation How the poor lose their place in the city Urbanization, Informal developments, displacement, gentrification, resettlement How the poor regain their place in the city Tenure improvement and settlement upgrading

4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 13 Slums, Poverty, Inequity

4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 14 The Urbanization of Poverty

4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 15 Cities without Slums; the Inclusive City A Dwelling is a Slum if one, or more, of these criteria are missing: Access to improved water and access to improved sanitation Sufficient living area, not overcrowded Structural quality / durability of dwellings Security of Tenure Land: Security of Tenure Non – Hazardous Location SewageWater Dwelling: Permanent Structure < 3 persons per room

4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 16 Slums of the World

4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 17 Slum Trend

4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 18 Cities: Places for the Rich and the Poor

4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 19 Remote Sensing, can you see the Poor? Poverty Line and Living Conditions Basic NeedsBelow Poverty LineAbove Poverty Line UnsatisfiedStructural PoorPotential Non-Poor SatisfiedNew PoorNon-Poor

4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 20 Remote Sensing, can you see the Poor? Visible characteristics of slums Dwelling size, building material, morphology, location, density, dispersed or concentrated, others? Are slum dwellers socio-economic homogenous? Non-visible characteristics of poverty New poor, hidden poverty

4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 21 Remote Sensing Ground photos / aerial photographs and satellite images Technical specifications (spatial resolution)

4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 22 Spatial Resolution 50km meteosat 1km NOAA 30m TM 10m SPOT 5 IRS 2 KVR <1m Ikonos

4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 23 Remote Sensing Interpretation and Classification Land Use Classes Detailed / General How to Identify/delineate

4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 24 GIS and Urban Poverty Mapping Geo-Visualizatio Aggregation/dis-aggregation (Addis, Kebeles / Sub-cities) Participatory Approach (Nakuru) Poverty Mapping Methodologies (World Bank) GIS = gluing (spatial) data producers, institutional collaboration Where are the poor? What can be done?