Analog System Lab Kit PRO MANUAL

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Chapter 1 Experiment 1 Study the characteristics of negative feedback amplifiers and design of an instrumentation amplifier Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 17

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Negative Feedback Amplifiers

Frequency Response of Negative Feedback Amplifiers

Instrumentation Amplifiers (b)

Peak to Peak Amplitude of output (Vpp) Measurement 1. Apply square wave of amplitude 1V at the input. Change the input frequency and study the peak to peak amplitude of the output. S. No. Input Frequency Peak to Peak Amplitude of output (Vpp) 1 2 3 4 2. Frequency Response – Apply sine wave input to the system and study the magnitude and phase response. S. No. Input Frequency Magnitude Variation Phase Variation 1 2 3 4

Measurement 3. DC transfer Characteristics – Vary the DC input voltage and study its effect on the output voltage. S. No. DC Input Voltage DC Output Voltage Phase Variation 1 2 3 4

Chapter 2 Experiment 2 Study the characteristics of regenerative feedback system with extension to design an astable and monostable multivibrator Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 23

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Regenerative Comparator (a)Inverting Schmitt-Trigger and its Hysteresis Characteristic (b)Non-inverting Schmitt Trigger and its Hysteresis Characteristic

Astable Multivibrator and its characteristics S. No. Regenerative Feedback Hysteresis 1 2 3 4 Hysteresis=2×𝛽 ×𝑉 𝑠𝑠 Regenerative Feedback 𝛽= 𝑅 1 𝑅 1 + 𝑅 2

Chapter 3 Experiment 3 Study the characteristics of integrators and differentiator circuits Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 27

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Measurement 1. Frequency Response - Apply a sine wave to the integrator (similarly to the differentiator) and vary the input frequency to obtain phase and magnitude error. 𝑉 𝑖𝑛 =2 𝑉 𝑝𝑝 𝑅=1𝑘Ω 𝐶=1𝜇𝐹 |𝑉 𝑜 |= 𝑉 𝑖𝑛 2𝜋𝑓𝐶𝑅 | 𝑉 𝑜 |=2𝜋𝑓𝐶𝑅∗ 𝑉 𝑖𝑛 S. No. Input Frequency Magnitude Phase 1 500 2 1000 3 1500 4 2000 5 2500 S. No. Input Frequency Magnitude Phase 1 100 2 200 3 500 4 800 5 1000

Peak to Peak value of output Measurement 2. Transient response – Apply the square wave as an input to integrator, vary the peak amplitude of the square wave and obtain the peak to peak value of output wave. S. No. Peak Value of input Vp Peak to Peak value of output 1 2 3 4 𝑉 𝑝𝑝 = 𝑉 𝑃 ∙𝑇 2∙𝑅𝐶

Experiment 4 Chapter 4 Design of Analog Filters Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 31

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A Second-order Universal Active Filter

Magnitude and Phase response of LPF, BPF, BSF, and HPF filters For the bandpass filter, the magnitude response peaks at 𝜔= 𝜔 0 ,and is given by 𝐻 0 𝑄. The bandstop filter shows a null magnitude response at 𝜔= 𝜔 0 .

Measurement 1. Frequency Response - Apply a sine wave input and vary its input frequency to obtain the phase and magnitude error. Band Pass Band Stop S.No. Input Frequency Phase Magnitude 1 100 2 159 3 200 4 300 Table 4-2: Frequency Response of a BPF with 𝜔 0 =1𝑘𝐻𝑧, 𝑄=1 Band Pass Band Stop S.No. Input Frequency Phase Magnitude 1 1.59k 2 1.7k 3 1.4k 4 1.2k Table 4-3: Frequency Response of a BSF with 𝜔 0 =10𝑘𝐻𝑧, 𝑄=10

Chapter 6 Experiment 6 Design a function generator and convert it to Voltage-Controlled Oscillator/FM Generator Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 39

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Function Generator

Function Generator Output 5v 3v

Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) in1 Vout in2 S.No. Control Voltage (Vc) Change in Frequency 1 2 3 4 5

𝑋 1 接𝑖𝑛1 𝑌 1 接𝑖𝑛2 𝑍 1 接 𝑉 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑋 2 , 𝑌 2 , 𝑍 2 接𝑔𝑛𝑑 1/SF空接 ANALOG MULTIPLIER 𝑋 1 接𝑖𝑛1 𝑌 1 接𝑖𝑛2 𝑍 1 接 𝑉 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑋 2 , 𝑌 2 , 𝑍 2 接𝑔𝑛𝑑 1/SF空接

Experiment 7 Chapter 7 Design of a Phase Lock Loop (PLL) Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 43

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Phase Locked Loop (PLL) and its characteristics As the frequency of input signal is changed, the control voltage will change correspondingly, so as to lock the output frequency to the input frequency. As a result, there is a change of phase difference between the two signals away from 90˚.

Sample output waveform for the Phase Locked Loop (PLL) Experiment Vf1(output) input Vf3 Vf2

Measurement Measure the change in the phase of the output signal as input frequency is varied within the lock range. Vary the input frequency and obtain the change in the control voltage. S.No. Input Frequency Output Phase 1 2 3 4 S.No. Input Frequency Control Voltage 1 2 3 4

Chapter 8 Experiment 8 Automatic Gain Control (AGC) Automatic Volume Control (AVC) Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 47

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Automatic Gain Control (AGC)/Automatic Volume Control (AVC) the output value of the system remains constant at 2 𝑉 𝑅 𝑉 𝑟𝑒𝑓 beyond input voltage 𝑉 𝑝𝑖 = 2 𝑉 𝑅 𝑉 𝑟𝑒𝑓

AGC circuit input Vf1(output) Vf2

Measurement Assume that the input comes from a function generator; use a sine wave input of a single frequency. S.No. Input Voltage Output Voltage 1 2 4 3 6 8 Vpp Vpp

𝑋 1 接𝑖𝑛1 𝑌 1 接𝑖𝑛2 𝑍 1 接 𝑉 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑋 2 , 𝑌 2 , 𝑍 2 接𝑔𝑛𝑑 1/SF空接 ANALOG MULTIPLIER 𝑋 1 接𝑖𝑛1 𝑌 1 接𝑖𝑛2 𝑍 1 接 𝑉 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑋 2 , 𝑌 2 , 𝑍 2 接𝑔𝑛𝑑 1/SF空接

Chapter 11 Experiment 11 To study the parameters of an LDO integrated circuit Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 59

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Schematic diagram of on-board evaluation module

Obtain the Line Regulation: Vary the input voltage and plot the output voltage as the function of the input voltage for a fixed output load. Obtain the Load Regulation: Vary the load (within the permissible limits) such that load current varies and obtain the output voltage for a fixed input voltage. Plot the output voltage as function of the load current. S.No. Input voltage (VIN) Output voltage (VOUT) 1 2 3 4 Table 11.1: Line regulation S.No. Load current (IOUT) Output voltage(VOUT) 1 2 3 4 Table 11.2: Load regulation

Chapter 12 Experiment 12 To study the parameters of a DC-DC Converter using on-board Evaluation module Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 63

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Schematic of on-board evaluation module

Simulation waveforms – TP3 is the PWM waveform and TP4 is the switching waveform

1.Vary the input voltage for a regulated output voltage of 5V and observe the change in the duty cycle of the PWM waveform. S.No. Input voltage (Vin) Duty cycle 1 2 3 4 2. Vary the input voltage for a fixed load and observe the output voltage. S.No. Input voltage (Vin) Output voltage (Vout) 1 2 3 4 3. Vary the load so that load current varies; observe the output voltage for a fixed input voltage. S.No. Load current Output voltage (Vout) 1 2 3 4

Chapter 13 Experiment 13 Design of a Digitally Controlled Gain Stage Amplifier Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 67

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Circuit for Digital Controlled Gain Stage Amplifier

Measurement 1. Apply the sine wave of fixed amplitude and vary the bit pattern. S.No. BIT Pattern Peak to Peak Amplitude of the output 1 100000000000 2 010000000000 3 001000000000 4 000100000000 Table 13.1: Variation in output amplitude with bit pattern

Chapter 14 Experiment 14 Design of a Digitally Programmable Square and Triangular wave generator/oscillator Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 71

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Circuit for Digital Controlled Oscillator

Measurement 1. Vary the bit pattern input to the DAC in manner specified in Table 14.1 and note down the change in the frequency of oscillations S.No. BIT Pattern output Frequency 1 100000000000 2 010000000000 3 001000000000 4 000100000000 Table 14.1: Varying the bit pattern input to the DAC

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