Personal, Social, and Emotional Development Psychology I

Personal, Social, and Emotional Development Physical Development:Physical Development: –Preschool years –Elementary school years –Adolescence and brain development Individual (personal) Development: Erik EriksonIndividual (personal) Development: Erik Erikson –Preschool years Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt Initiative vs. Guilt –Elementary and Middle school years Industry vs. Inferiority –Adolescence Search for identity  Identity difussion  Identity foreclosure  Moratorium  Identity achievement –Adulthood: beyond school years Intimacy vs. Isolation Generative vs. Stagnation Integrity vs. Despair

Personal, Social, and Emotional Development Social and Cultural Development: BronfenbrennerSocial and Cultural Development: Bronfenbrenner –Bioecological model Microsystem  Families  Divorce  Parenting styles  Culture and parenting  Peers  Peer cultures  Problems with peers  Peer aggression (bullies, relational aggresion, victims)  Social skills  Children with disabilities  Teachers  Academic and personal caring  Teachers and child abuse Mesosystem Exosystem Macrosystem

Physical Development Individual (personal) Development Social and Cultural Development Emotional and Moral Development

What memories and feelings do you have about your school life? What kind of friendships did you establish? Did you have any fears? If so, what kind?

Physical Development

The Preschool Years Gross-motor skills Fine-motor skills: coordination, small movements

Adolescence Puberty (sexual maturation, but psychologically immature) Advantages and Disadvantantages (boys, girls) Concern about bodies (anorexia and bulimia) Brain development (computational skills, behavior control, sleep, and nutrition)

Individual (personal) Development

Erikson’s psychosocial theory emphasized the emergence of the self, the search for identity, the individual’s relationships with others, and the role of culture throughout life.

The Preschool Years: Trust, Autonomy, and Initiative Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt Initiative vs. Guilt

The Elementary and Middle School Years: Industry vs. Inferiority Preoperational  concrete operational thinking Trust new adults, act autonomously, initiate actions Industry vs. Inferiority

Adolescence: The Search for Identity Abstract thinking, understanding others’ perspectives. Identity vs. Role confusion Identity statuses: –Identity diffusion: “x” –Identity foreclosure: “whatever my father says” –Identity moratorium: “i know, but not now” –Identity achievement: “now I want this… Maybe I’ll change later”

Adulthood: Beyond the School Years Intimacy vs. Isolation Generativity vs. Stagnatation Integrativity vs. Despair

Social Development

Microsystem: Families Different types of families Divorce Parenting styles: –Authoritarian parents: low warmth, high control –Authoritative parentes: High warmth, high control –Permissive parents: high warmth, low control –Rejecting / Neglecting parents: low warmth, low control

Mycrosystem: Peers Peer cultures Problems with peers: the different peer / prosocial behaviors. Peer aggression: –Instrumental aggression –Hostile aggression Overt aggression Relational aggression Bullies Relational aggressions: verbal attacks Victims: low-self esteem / highly emotional and hot-tempered Social skills Children with disabilities

Microsystem: Teachers Academic and Personal caring Teachers and Child Abuse