The Ripple Effect (in discipline): Issuing Orders And Instructions , Reward And Punishment.

INTRODUCTION

Classroom Management -: Key Ideas Ripple effect Issuing order and instructions Reward and punishment Reference:- Lee Canter . (1997). Classroom Management For Academic Success : Raven Press (N Y)

THE RIPPLE EFFECT

Jacob Kounin Class room behaviorist theorist coined the term ripple effect in 1970 The "ripple effect" occurs when the teacher corrects a misbehavior in one student, and this positively influences the behavior of other nearby students. Reference:- Jacob S.Kounin . (1974). Discipline and Group Management in Classrooms. (7th ed.). Albany (NY) Delmar

ibid Kounin’s first observed this pattern in his students behavior He later described this Phenomenon as the “Ripple Effect”. ibid

understanding the ripple effect “Discipline and Group Management” understanding the ripple effect in order to achieve a more disciplined classroom Reference:- Jacob S.Kounin . (1974). Discipline and Group Management in Classrooms. (7th ed.). Albany (NY) Delmar

Factors influence on the ripple effect in two areas: CLARITY FIRMNESS Reference:- Cohen , Manion, Morrison. ( 2004) . A Guide To Teaching.Practice. (5th ed.). Routelege , Newyork

Issuing Instructions And Orders In Classroom Management

Issuing, orders and instructions Establish clear expectations. Clear instructions Wait and scan. Acknowledgment. Cohen , Manion, Morrison. ( 2004) . A Guide To Teaching.Practice. (5th ed.). Routelege , New York.

Issuing, orders and instructions Body language Descriptive encouraging Using tactical ignoring Giving choices Destructive habits for an effective Relationship Criticising Blaming Complaining Nagging Threatening Punishing Bribing Cohen , Manion, Morrison. ( 2004) . A Guide To Teaching.Practice. (5th ed.). Routelege , New York.

Reasons behind use of choices Learn from mistakes Force to think Build self confidence Effective Classroom Management:- Establish clear expectations Give clear instructions Use waiting and scanning Acknowledge students on task Demonstrate encouraging body language Cohen , Manion, Morrison. ( 2004) . A Guide To Teaching.Practice. (5th ed.). Routelege , New York.

Criticize the behavior Issuing reprimands Be firm Avoid anger Psychological impact Criticize the behavior Effective Classroom Management “micro-skills” Demonstrate descriptive encouraging Uses tactical ignoring Give clear choices Follows through with logical consequences Defuse problem situations Cohen , Manion, Morrison. ( 2004) . A Guide To Teaching.Practice. (5th ed.). Routelege , New York.

Reference:- Cohen , Manion, Morrison. ( 2004) . A Guide To Teaching.Practice. (5th ed.). Routelege , New York. C.M Charles.(1974). Individualizing Instruction. St.Louis : Mobsy.

REWARDS AND PUNISHMENTS

Rewards: Punishments: Rewards and punishments both should be used to motivate the students Rewards: Sign of assurance Enhance confidence Punishments: Pull down the level of confidence No effective motivation Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation REFERENCE:- S.J Philips . (2007). Issue Of Rewards And Punishment. . Retrieved January 4, 2011 from http://k6educators.about.com/od/educationglossary/g/gextric. htm

Connection with consequences Learn behavior consequences Appropriate behavior reward Inappropriate behavior negative consequence REFERENCE:- M.A Oppler . (2005).Connection Of Behavior With Consequences . Retrieved January 4, 2011 ,from htpp://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/social_emotional_learning/103854

Types Of Rewards:- Lunch bunch Longer recess Special seats Get phone call home Help in another class Reference:- Beth Lewis. (2009). Free And Effective Classroom Rewards. Retrieved January 5, 2011, from http://k6educators.about.com/od/classroommanagement/a/simplerewards.htm

Types Of Punishments:- REFERENCE:- S.J Philips . (2007). Issue Of Rewards And Punishment. . Retrieved January 4, 2011 from http://k6educators.about.com/od/educationglossary/g/ gextrinsic.htm

Types of Punishments Writing lines Arithmetic punishment Essays Memorization Detention References: school punishment

Corporal Punishment

CRITICISM / CONCLUSION

The Ripple Effect:- Critics And Their Rationale C.M Charles The ripple effect is greater when teacher clearly names the unacceceptible behavior and gives reasons Teachers attitude enhances the ripple effect Ripple effect is weaker at post secondary level Reference:- C.M Charles.(1978). Teaching ,Learning, Schooling: American Education. St .Louis. Mobsy

Positive and negative Ripple effect Warren Ferreter Positive and negative Ripple effect Reference: Warren Ferreter. (1981).The Ripple Effect In The Classroom. Retrieved January 4, 2011.from Colombia University Website, Institute Of Education http;//www.ier.colombia.edu/publications/papers/newwine1.htm

Discipline needs not to be stressful discipline needs not be negative if discipline is stressful or negative then rewards and punishment may be the problem C.M CHARLES Reference:- C.M Charles. (2008) ,Building Classroom Discipline.(9th ed.). Allyn & Bacon: Boston ,Massachusetts

Behavior Management Techniques In The Classroom:- Withitness Overlapping Smooth Transitions Group Focus Maintaining interest and involvement Source :- W.C Hanson. (2003). Behavior Management: Jacob Kounin Approaches to Classroom Management. Retrieved January 3, 2011 ,from sol webs teaching discipline website http://www.solwebs.net/sgfl/teaching/discipline/koun1.htm

References:- 1) Lee Canter . (1997). Classroom Management For Academic Success . New York : Raven Press 2) Jacob S.Kounin . (1974). Discipline and Group Management in Classrooms. (7th ed.). Albany (NY), Delmar 3) Cohen , Manion, Morrison. ( 2004) . A Guide To Teaching Practice. (5th ed.). Routelege , New York 4) C.M Charles.(1974). Individualizing Instruction. St.Louis : Mobsy. 5) S.J Philips . (2007). Issue Of Rewards And Punishment. . Retrieved January 4, 2011 from http://k6educators.about.com/od/educationglossary/g/gextrinsic.htm

6) M. A Oppler. (2005). Connection Of Behavior With Consequences 6) M.A Oppler . (2005).Connection Of Behavior With Consequences . Retrieved January 4, 2011 ,from htpp://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/social_emotional_learning/ 103854 7) Beth Lewis. (2009). Free And Effective Classroom Rewards. Retrieved January 5, 2011, from http://k6educators.about.com/od/classroommanagement/a/simplerewards.htm 8) C.M Charles.(1978). Teaching ,Learning, Schooling: American Education. St .Louis. Mobsy 9) Warren Ferreter. (1981).The Ripple Effect In The Classroom. Retrieved January 4, 2011.from Colombia University Website, Institute Of Education http;//www.ier.colombia.edu/publications/papers/newwine1.htm

10) W.C Hanson. (2003). Behavior Management: Jacob Kounin Approaches to Classroom Management. Retrieved January 3, 2011 ,from sol webs teaching discipline website http://www.solwebs.net/sgfl/teaching/discipline/koun1.htm