Electrical Safety Awareness Un-Qualified The word Unqualified was added to the title. IHOH

Training Objectives Discuss how electricity can hurt you. Recognize how to avoid electrical hazards. Describe how to work safely around energized electrical equipment Locate electrically dangerous or unsafe conditions Item 4 was changed from Locate dangerous electrical conditions. IHOH

Why Respect Electrical hazards? ON THE JOB Electrocutions were the fifth leading cause of death from 1980 through 1992. Causing an average of 411 deaths per year. AT HOME The 5,348 deaths per year caused by electrocutions accounted for 7% of all fatalities Data from the NIOSH National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) surveillance system IHOH

Electrical hazards consist of: Electrocution (fatal), Electric shock,(non-fatal / but HURTS) Burns, (internal and external) Falls caused as a result of contact with electrical energy. (ancillary accidents) Electrocution Through the body causing neurological damage and internal burns That results in DEATH Electric Shock Nonfatal Burns Falls IHOH

How Does Electricity Work? How do you get Electrocuted? Flow of Electrons - - - - - - - - - - - Current Carrying Wires Energized Conductors Through You Motor Lights Home may get 100 Amps One circuit in a home may get 15 or 20 amps 1 milliamp is 1/1000 of one amp And 100 Milli amps is enough to kill you. Electrical Current Electrical Generation - + - + - + - + - + - Electron Flow Back to Earth Ground IHOH

Electrical Current Kills Resistance to Electrical Current Protects You Resistance Examples: Insulation on wires Distance from parts Removing conductive Jewelry Not standing in water With Insufficient Resistance Hand to Hand Current Hand to Foot Current This whole graphic was changed to show how (on the left side) resistance protects you and (on the right) how Insufficient resistance will result in current through you and through your heart. Results in Current Through the Heart Earth Ground IHOH

Electrical Current Kills This arc is an example of a Truly Unguarded Electrical Current The arc in ARC welding is truly unguarded electrical current. Energized Rod Earth Ground Not Through You IHOH

Electrical Current Kills Energized Wire Electrical Current Kills Not Through You Ground One Source and Many Paths to Earth Ground Standing in Water Earth Ground IHOH

Water and electricity do not mix Water provides a path for electricity to travel through you. So Please Do Not: Stand on wet surfaces when operating electrical equipment. Spray or splash water around electrical equipment IHOH

Extent of injuries received depends on Magnitude of current (measured in Amperes) Pathway of the current through the body Duration of current flow through the body Since the video only shows shock and “let go” this is a good time to introduce the fact that a small electric current can also result in a No LET GO condition. The example with the kitchen circuit breaker should bring home the point. Or in other words if you thought that circuit breakers were installed for you protection then you were only 1000 percent wrong. They are to protect the house from burning down not to protect you from shock. When was the first electrocution? 1879 Who was electrocuted A Frenchman working in a theater His trade was Carpenter Fraction of a Second 20 Milli Amperes Currents of less than 20 Milliamperes (20/1000 of an ampere) can cause you to Not Let Go even if you are being shocked. This small current is 1/1000 of the electricity that will trip a 20 amp. kitchen circuit breaker in your home. video IHOH

Electrical Safety Related Work Practices Covers both Qualified and Unqualified employees working near electrical conductors and equipment. IHOH

Electrical Safety Related Work Practices Qualified Person: Is one who has the skills and knowledge related to the construction and operation of the electrical equipment And installation and has received safety training on the Hazards involved. Unqualified Person: An individual who is not permitted to work on electrical equipment because they do not have the necessary Skills and training to perform the work safely. These two definitions come from KODAK Electrical Safety manual section 3.1 (1) Qualified Person. IHOH

Exposed Energized Parts Only qualified persons are allowed to work on or near exposed energized parts. Energized parts that have been de-energized but not locked out shall be treated as ENERGIZED When in Doubt Lock it Out IHOH

Conductive Materials and Equipment • Conductive materials (pipes, metal ladders) must be kept away from all energized electrical circuits. • Safe work practices must be used when working with long conductive objects. IHOH

Ladders Conductive Apparel Conductive clothing and jewelry Ladders must be dry nonconductive materials if used around energized parts. Dry Wood or Composite Materials Conductive Apparel Conductive clothing and jewelry cannot be worn if they can come in to contact with energized parts. Metal Frame Glasses, Keys, Pens, Belt Buckles Examples of Conductive Apparel are now added for reference. IHOH

Vehicular and Mechanical Equipment Near overhead power lines Equipment must be kept at least 10 ft away. Employees may not contact scissor lifts on the ground while electrician working above. Vehicles in Transit must be kept at Least 4 ft away. IHOH

General Protection • Covers shall be closed on Electrical Equipment during operation. Don’t Reach Inside Energized Electrical Equipment IHOH

Illumination Spaces and work areas that contain energized electrical apparatus must be well lighted. IHOH

Work in Confined Spaces Employees working near exposed energized parts shall be provided with … protective shields, barriers or insulating materials in order to prevent inadvertent contact with energized parts. IHOH

Alerting Techniques Safety signs, tags, barricades and sometimes attendants must be used to alert employees of electrical hazards. .335 (b) (1) & (2) & (3) IHOH

Housekeeping Duties Keep areas clear. Keep liquids out. Adequate safety precautions and nonconductive cleaning materials must be used around energized electrical equipment. Keep areas clear. Keep liquids out. IHOH

Power and Lighting Circuits • Always use a switch before pulling a cord. If a switch is available Unplug equipment before you work on it. • Always replace a fuse with the proper size fuse that was designed for the equipment. Don’t overload circuits. Explain: Why turning off a switch is better than pulling a plug. Use the vacuum cleaner example. Explain how some equipment can still start with the switch off or if plugged in backwards how the equipment can still be energized with the switch off. Then show examples how circuits can be overloaded and why fuses should never be replaced with a higher rated fuse. IHOH

Operating Electrical Disconnects Secure the Front Cover Stand to the Side Look Away Operate Switch Reset Circuit Breakers Once Then get Qualified Employee if it trips out again. IHOH

Lockout, your first defense. Lockout Training should be taken if: You bypass any guards or You service equipment where it could start up or the release of energy could harm you or You put yourself in a danger zone when you perform service and maintenance. Television Example Computer monitor Stored Energy IHOH

Portable Electric Equipment • Check cord for defects. .334 (a) 2 • Cords to have third ground prong. • Cords must be suitable for location Can not lift or lower by cord. .334 (a) 1 Can Not be run through a door Defects: Cracks, brittle, gouges Third Ground Plug Explain Polarization if third plug is missing Suitable for location includes Indoor / Outdoor Industrial strength Oil resistant Grounding Double Insulated Polarization IHOH

Protective Equipment Typical Hard hats (type A and B) are non-conductive head protection. Non-Conductive Safety Glasses provide some protection to electrical blast dangers and inadvertent electrical contact IHOH

Suggested Electrical Hazard Footwear Electrical Hazard Protection Shoes: Can be almost any style including steel toe Should be kept dry for best protection EH shoes are NOT the same as Electrical Static Shoes E H IHOH

GFCI Protection Measures current to load and current coming back. The difference could be current going through you. Opens the circuit in milli-seconds Opens with less than 7milliampers of current difference Can be a fixed receptacle Can be part of circuit breaker Can be a fixed plug Test before each use on Portable Cord Sets Supply Load Test Reset IHOH

Can You Now Locate Electrically Dangerous or Unsafe Conditions At Work: Overloading Circuits Electrical Covers Closed Conductive Materials and Equip Others __________ At Home: Extension Cords Polarized Plugs GFCI’s Others _______ IHOH

THANKS Be Careful from now on!

Thank you for your Attention Did we meet our objectives? Can you now: Discuss how electricity can hurt you Recognize how to avoid electrical hazards Describe how to work safely around electrical equipment Locate electrically dangerous or unsafe conditions                     Item four was changed to match with the objectives in slide #2. Fill Out Your Evaluations IHOH IHOH

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