Chapter 2 Flashcards

Outcome-informed practice practice in which you measure your client’s outcomes at regular, frequent, predesignated intervals, in a way that is sensitive to and respectful of the client; monitor those outcomes to determine if your client is making satisfactory progress; and modify your intervention plan as needed along the way by using this practice-based evidence, in concert with evidence-based practice, to improve your client’s outcomes Outcome-informed practice

individual, couple, family, group, organization, or community seeking assistance with a problem from a helping professional. Also known as a case. Clients also may be referred to as patients in medical settings and psychiatric settings or residents in assisted living facilities, independent living facilities, and nursing homes Client

social worker, psychologist, psychiatrist, counselor, nurse, physical and occupational therapist, or other allied health care or social service professional Helping professional

an individual who is an important part of another individual’s social network Relevant other

specific situation, condition, or concern that needs to be addressed in order to achieve a desired goal, including difficulties or deficiencies to be remediated or prevented as well as assets and strengths to be enriched Problem

general and abstract statement of a desired outcome for which an intervention is implemented (e.g., reduce or alleviate depression) Goal

specific and concrete statement detailing a desired outcome of an intervention along with measurable criteria used to define and evaluate client success (e.g., to reduce the level of depression on a particular standardized scale to below a certain score, a benchmark). Operational definition of a goal Objective

status of a client’s problem along some dimension (e. g status of a client’s problem along some dimension (e.g., frequency, severity) at some point in time (e.g., before, during, or after intervention). (Compare to Goal, which is a statement of the desired—not actual—status of a client’s problem.) Outcome

tool used to measure the status of a client’s problem along some dimension. Operational definition of an outcome. Sometimes a measured outcome is referred to as an indicator Outcome measure

overall strategy used to measure a client’s outcomes, including the methods and instruments used, as well as how to obtain the information, who can best provide the information, and when, where, and how often the information should be collected Measurement plan

frequent, regular, systematic measurement and tracking of a client’s outcome(s) in order to determine if the client is making satisfactory progress toward achieving goals. Also known as outcome monitoring Progress monitoring

systematic investigation of the value, quality, or importance of something (e.g., intervention) or someone (e.g., student, employee) in relationship to a set of standards (e.g., intervention goals and objectives) Evaluation

evaluation conducted during the course of a program to provide ongoing feedback used to continuously improve the program while it is underway. Formative evaluation includes intervention monitoring in order to assess how well the intervention is being implemented (fidelity), outcome monitoring in order to assess how well program goals are being met, or both program and outcome monitoring Formative evaluation

evaluation undertaken after an intervention has been completed to examine a program’s ultimate impact in order to determine the extent to which the program was effective in achieving its goals Summative evaluation

evaluation undertaken to determine the change in client outcomes, if any, resulting from an intervention. (Contrast with Progress monitoring, which is used to determine if satisfactory progress is made toward achieving client goals, but does not attempt to attribute observed changes to the intervention.) Outcome evaluation

the process of using data about client outcomes to determine the continuation, alteration, or termination of an intervention Outcomes management

specific planned action by a helping professional and client, designed to achieve a goal or otherwise bring about beneficial change or prevent an undesirable outcome in a targeted client problem. Also referred to as a treatment when the intervention is designed to relieve a pathological or otherwise undesirable condition Intervention

prescribed steps for intervening devised by the helping professional in collaboration with the client, after completion of assessment. May be written in contract form. Also known as a treatment plan Intervention plan

extent to which the client follows a prescribed intervention regimen extent to which the client follows a prescribed intervention regimen. Also known as treatment adherence Intervention adherence

extent to which an intervention is implemented as designed and planned extent to which an intervention is implemented as designed and planned. Also known as treatment integrity and procedural fidelity Intervention fidelity

continual systematic documentation and tracking of the fidelity with which an intervention is implemented in order to ensure that the intervention is implemented with fidelity Intervention monitoring

activities involved in delivery of an intervention, including intended and unintended activities, and activities that did and did not occur Implementation

evaluation designed to describe and assess the extent to which an intervention is being implemented as originally designed and planned (fidelity). Also known as process evaluation Implementation assessment

portion of an outcome change that can be attributed uniquely to an intervention rather than to other influences Intervention effect

any unintended intervention effect, adverse or otherwise Side effect

harmful, undesired, inadvertent intervention effect harmful, undesired, inadvertent intervention effect. Also known as an iatrogenic effect Adverse effect

study of groups of people or cases for the purpose of discovering general principles or laws that characterize the average person or case Nomothetic

study of an individual person or case focused on description and understanding of unique and lawful characteristics, qualities, and responses of that person or case. (Compare to Nomothetic.) Idiographic

family of research and evaluation designs characterized by the systematic repeated measurement of a client’s outcome(s) at regular, frequent, predesignated intervals under different conditions (baseline and intervention), and the evaluation of outcomes over time and under different conditions in order to monitor client progress, identify intervention effects, and more generally, learn when, why, how, and the extent to which client change occurs. Also known as single-subject designs, single-system designs, N = 1 designs, or sometimes time series or interrupted time series designs Single-case design