EUROPE AND THE NEW WORLD: NEW ENCOUNTERS,

 THE AGE OF EXPLORATION/THE AGE OF EUROPEAN EXPANSION 1. BY 16 TH CENT ATLANTIC SEABOARD BECOMES CENTER OF COMMERCE AND TRADE 2. FIRST PORTUGAL AND SPAIN 3. DUTCH REPUBLIC, ENGLAND, FRANCE FOLLOW 4. TRANSITION FROM AGRARIAN ECON TO COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL ECON  NEW CONTACTS WITH NON -EUROPEAN PEOPLES

1. ATTRACTION TO LANDS OUTSIDE OF EUROPE -> FANTASY LITERATURE 2. THE TRAVELS OF JOHN MANDEVILLE 3. PRESTER JOHN 4. MARCO POLO 1. ECONOMIC MOTIVES = GOLD 2. RELIGIOUS ZEAL = GOD - RELIGIOUS CONVERSION 3. GLORY = DO GREAT THINGS/BECOME FAMOUS

1. CENTRALIZED MONARCHIES - INCREASED AUTHORITY AND RESOURCES 2. INCREASED LEVELS OF WEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY 3. PORTOLANI 4. CARTOGRAPHY -> PTOLEMY’S GEOGRAPHY 5. IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIP BUILDING = LATEEN SAILS, SQUARE RIG 6. NEW NAVIGATIONAL TECHNIQUES

Portolan charts are navigational maps based on realistic descriptions of harbours and coasts. They were first made in the 14th century in Italy, Portugal and Spain. With the advent of the Age of Discovery, they were considered State secrets in Portugal and Spain, very valuable in the description of Atlantic and Indian coastlines for newcomer English and Dutch raiding, and later trading, ships. The word portolan comes from the Italian adjective portolano, meaning "related to ports or harbours.“ItalyPortugalSpain Age of DiscoveryAtlantic Indian EnglishDutchItalian

 PORTUGAL BEGAN THE AGE OF EXPANSION  EXPLORATION OF THE COAST OF AFRICA  LEADERSHIP OF PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR  TRADE AND EXTENDING CHRISTIANITY

 PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR  EXPLORATION OF COAST OF AFRICA - GOLD AND SLAVES  THE GOLD COAST  BARTHOLOMEU DIAS = FIRST TO ROUND THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE/TIP OF AFRICA  VASCO Da GAMA = FIRST TO REACH INDIA/ LANDED AT CALICUT IN INDIA/BROUGHT BACK SPICES  WAR WITH ARAB TRADERS AND FLEETS -> ESTABLISHING MONOPOLY IN SPICE TRADE

PORTUGUESE EXPOLRATIONS AND DISCOVERIES

1. ESTABLISH PERMANENT PORTUG. BASE AT GOA ON W. COAST OF INDIA 2. PUSH FURTHER EAST - SEIZE CONTROL OF MALACCA 3. WORKED TO DESTROY ARAB SPICE TRADE + BASE ON ROUTE TO SPICE ISLANDS 4. PUSHED FURTHER EAST TO CHINA AND THE MOLUCCAS/SPICE ISLANDS 5. PORTUGUESE TRADE EMPIRE WAS LIMITED -> JUST TRADING POSTS/LIMITED POP. AND RESOURCES

1. GUNS 2. SEAMANSHIP