1 Reporting Internals From a Reports Point of View Renee Teatro Customer Support Services

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 2  Author: Cesare Petrizio  Company: Information Builders  Presentation Title: Reporting Internals From a Reports Point of View  Abstract: This presentation looks at what FOCUS is doing under the covers when a TABLE is executed in FOCUS on any platform, or through WEBFOCUS. Also, the TABLE could be against a FOCUS file, MSS TABLE, VSAM, etc. Application developers can create more efficient requests when they understand how FOCUS sets up to retrieve data from FOCUS files, Relational TABLEs, and other non- FOCUS data sources. Learn the answers to such questions as: When would an index be more efficient? One pass or two? DEFINE vs. COMPUTE? What is AUTOPATH and AUTOINDEX, and what do they mean in terms of efficiency? Presentation Information

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 3 Agenda  Reporting Internals  Retrieval Internals  Analysis Phase  Retrieval Phase  Internal Matrix Generation 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 4 Analysis Phase n Open and CHECK Master File Descriptions n Verify DBA access to file(s) n Determine I/O access modules required 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 5 CHECK FILE EMPLOYEE NUMBER OF ERRORS= 0 NUMBER OF SEGMENTS= 2 ( REAL= 2 VIRTUAL= 0 ) NUMBER OF FIELDS= 6 INDEXES= 0 FILES= 1 TOTAL LENGTH OF ALL FIELDS= 46 CHECK FILE KIDS NUMBER OF ERRORS= 0 NUMBER OF SEGMENTS= 1 ( REAL= 1 VIRTUAL= 0 ) NUMBER OF FIELDS= 3 INDEXES= 0 FILES= 1 TOTAL LENGTH OF ALL FIELDS= 33 CHECK FILE SPICE NUMBER OF ERRORS= 0 NUMBER OF SEGMENTS= 1 ( REAL= 1 VIRTUAL= 0 ) NUMBER OF FIELDS= 2 INDEXES= 1 FILES= 1 TOTAL LENGTH OF ALL FIELDS= 29 Analysis Phase The CHECK FILE  Is This A Good Sign? 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 6 Analysis Phase The Files FILE=EMPLOYEE,SUFFIX=FOC SEGNAME=SEG1,SEGTYPE=S1 FIELD=EMP_ID, EID,A9,$ FIELD=FIRST_NAME, FN,A15,$ FIELD=LAST_NAME, LN,A15,$ SEGNAME=INSSEG,SEGTYPE=SH2 FIELD=COVER_DT,,YMD,$ FIELD=TYPE_COVER,,A3,$ FIELD=FAMILY,,A1,$ FILE=KIDS,SUFFIX=SQLMSS SEGNAME=SEGK,SEGTYPE=S2 FIELD=EMP_ID, EID,A9,$ FIELD=CHILD_DOB, CDOB,YYMD,$ FIELD=CHILD_NAME, CNAME,A20,$ FILE=SPICE,SUFFIX=XFOC SEGNAME=SEGS,SEGTYPE=S1 FIELD=EMP_ID, EID, A9, INDEX=I,$ FIELD=SPOUSE,SPOUSE_NME,A20,$   Any DBA Specified?  What Type Of File Access Method(s)

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 7 Retrieval Internals Retrieve DEFINE JOIN Screening FOCUS or External Sort Aggregation COUNT/MIN/MAX TOTAL Screens COMPUTE Format Extracts Analysis Report Generator Sort File Output Generator RETYPE REPLOT HOLD 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 8 Retrieval Internals The Files XFOCUS FILE=SPICE,SUFFIX=FOC SEGNAME=SEGS,SEGTYPE=S1 FIELD=EMP_ID, EID, A9, INDEX=I,$ FIELD=SPOUSE,SPOUSE_NME,A20,$ FILE=SPICE,SUFFIX=XFOC SEGNAME=SEGS,SEGTYPE=S1 FIELD=EMP_ID, EID, A9, INDEX=I,$ FIELD=SPOUSE,SPOUSE_NME,A20,$ Are Any Of The Following Different?  DEFINEs  Selection Test  JOINs  FILE=SPICE,SUFFIX= SQLMSS SEGNAME=SEGS,SEGTYPE=S0 FIELD=EMP_ID, EID, A9, A9,$ FIELD=SPOUSE,SPOUSE_NME,A20,A20,$

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 9 Retrieval Internals Example SH2 KU K EMP_ID SPOUSE JOIN EMP_ID IN EMPLOYEE TO EMP_ID IN SPICE AS AJ EMP_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME COVER_DT TYPE_COVER FAMILY JOIN EMP_ID IN EMPLOYEE TO ALL EMP_ID IN KIDS AS BJ EMP_ID CHILD_DOB CHILD_NAME K KM 

JOIN SYNTAX Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 10 JOIN field1 [WITH rfield] IN hostfile [TAG tag1] TO [ALL] field2 IN crfile [TAG tag2] [AS name] [END] where: field1, field2 - Are the fields common to both Master Files. WITH rfield1 - Use only if field1 is a virtual field; assigns a logical home with a real field in the host file. hostfile - Is the host Master File. TAG tag1 - Is a tag name of up to eight characters (usually the name of the Master File), which is used as a unique qualifier for fields and aliases in the host file. The tag name for the host file must be the same in all the JOIN commands of a joined structure. ALL - Use if non-unique relationships exist in the target file. crfile - Is the target or cross-referenced Master File. TAG tag2 - Is a tag name of up to eight characters (usually the name of the Master File), which is used as a unique qualifier for fields and aliases in the cross-referenced file. In a recursive joined structure, if no tag name is provided, all field names and aliases are prefixed with the first four characters of the join name. AS name - Assigns a name to the JOIN structure. You must assign a unique name to a join structure if: You want to ensure that a subsequent JOIN command will not overwrite it. You want to clear it selectively later. The structure is recursive, and you do not specify tag names. END 

RETRIEVAL VIEW OF FOCJNT FILE EMPLOYEE ON 03/16/09 AT SEG01 01 S1 ************** *PIN ** *FIRSTNAME ** *LASTNAME ** * ** *************** ************** I I SEGS 02 I KU :EMP_ID :K :SPOUSE : : : : : JOINEDI SPICE I I I I KIDS01 I INSSEG 03 I KM 04 I SH ************** :EMP_ID ::K *COVER_DATE ** :CHILD_DOB :: *TYPE_COVER ** :CHILD_NAME :: *FAMILY ** : :: * ** : :: *************** : ************** JOINED KIDS Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 11 JOIN EMP_ID IN EMPLOYEE TO EMP_ID IN SPICE AS AJ JOIN EMP_ID IN EMPLOYEE TO ALL EMPID IN KIDS AS BJ STRUCTURE OF FOCJNT FILE EMPLOYEE ON 03/16/09 AT SEG01 01 S1 ************** *PIN ** *FIRSTNAME ** *LASTNAME ** * ** *************** ************** I I I I I SEGS I KIDS01 I INSSEG 02 I KU 03 I KM 04 I SH ************** :EMP_ID :K :EMP_ID ::K *COVER_DATE ** :SPOUSE : :CHILD_DOB :: *TYPE_COVER ** : : :CHILD_NAME :: *FAMILY ** : : : :: * ** : : : :: *************** JOINED SPICE : ************** JOINED KIDS Retrieval Internals Example 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 12 PINFIRSTNAMELASTNAMEEMP_IDSPOUSEEMP_IDCHILD_DOBCHILD_NAME DANIELVALINO SANDY /01/31Nick MICHAELBELLA NANCY /12/31Alan MICHAELBELLA NANCY /01/31Walter MICHAELBELLA NANCY /03/31Betty LOISCASSANOVA WILLIAM /01/31CASSIE RUTHADAMS BOB /01/31ANN PETERADDAMS CAROL /01/31JACK DORINAPATEL ALFRED /12/31WILLY EVELYNSANCHEZ JAMES /08/30JOSE PAMELASO MARIANNEPULASKI TIMANDERSON... SET ALL=ON JOIN EMP_ID IN EMPLOYEE TO EMP_ID IN SPICE AS AJ JOIN EMP_ID IN EMPLOYEE TO ALL EMPID IN KIDS AS BJ TABLE FILE EMPLOYEE PRINT * END Retrieval Internals Example 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 13 Updated JOIN syntax  JOIN [LEFT_OUTER|INNER] hfld1 [AND hfld2...] IN hostfile [TAG tag1] TO [UNIQUE|MULTIPLE] crfield [AND crfld2...] IN crfile [TAG tag2] [AS joinname] END where: INNER - LEFT_OUTER - Specifies an left outer join or inner join. hfld1 - AND hfld2... Is the name of a field(s) in the host file IN hostfile - Is the name of the host file. TAG tag1 - is a tag name of up to eight characters which is used as a unique qualifier for fields TO [UNIQUE|MULTIPLE] crfld1 - Is the name of a field in the cross-referenced file AND crfld Is the name of a field in the cross-referenced file with values in common with hfld2. IN crfile - Is the name of the cross-referenced file. TAG tag2 - Is a tag name of up to eight characters AS joinname - Is an optional name of up to eight characters that you may assign to the join structure.

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 14 Analysis n Retrieve DEFINE field expressions for pertinent files n Read and parse the request n Check DBA and set up access restrictions at SEGMENT and FIELD levels 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 15 DEFINE  Segment is determined by:  WITH field  Fields used in expression  Constant expressions are evaluated when file is opened (segment 0)  DEFINEs are evaluated ONLY if required by request  DEFINEs are evaluated at detail level only n Each DEFINE field is associated with a specific segment 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 16 Analysis n Activate fields (real and DEFINEd) n Read USE list and/or check Access Files and FILEDEF/ALLOCATES n Open and Verify files n Invoke the Data adapter n Activate segments: referenced subtree(s) – smallest subtree which contains “root” and every segment referenced directly or indirectly (HEADING PARENT AND GRAND CHILD) 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 17 Retrieval Internals The Files SEG1 01 S1 ************** *EMP_ID ** *FIRST_NAME ** *LAST_NAME ** * ** *************** ************** I I I INSSEG 02 I SH2 ************** *COVER_DT ** *TYPE_COVER ** *FAMILY ** * ** *************** ************** SEGK 01 S2 ************** *EMP_ID ** *CHILD_DOB ** *CHILD_NAME ** * ** *************** ************** SEGS 01 S1 ************** *EMP_ID **I *SPOUSE ** * ** *************** ************** KIDSEMPLOYEE SPICE 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 18 SEG1 01 S1 ************** *EMP_ID ** *FIRST_NAME ** *LAST_NAME ** * ** *************** ************** I I I I I SEGS I SEGK I INSSEG 02 I KU 03 I KM 04 I SH ************** :EMP_ID :K :EMP_ID ::K *COVER_DT ** :SPOUSE : :CHILD_DOB :: *TYPE_COVER ** : : :CHILD_NAME :: *FAMILY ** : : : :: * ** : : : :: *************** JOINED SPICE : ************** JOINED KIDS Retrieval Internals JOIN EMP_ID IN EMPLOYEE TO EMP_ID IN SPICE AS J1 SEG1 01 S1 ************** *EMP_ID ** *FIRST_NAME ** *LAST_NAME ** * ** *************** ************** I I I I SEGS I INSSEG 02 I KU 03 I SH ************** :EMP_ID :K *COVER_DT ** :SPOUSE : *TYPE_COVER ** : : *FAMILY ** : : * ** : : *************** JOINED SPICE ************** JOIN EMP_ID IN EMPLOYEE TO ALL EMP_ID IN KIDS AS J2 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 19 Retrieval Internals DEFINE FILE EMPLOYEE INS_TYPE/A6 = DECODE TYPE_COVER( DDS 'DENTAL' EYE 'VISION' MDS 'HEALTH' ELSE 'OTHER'); TODAY/YYMD = '&YYMD'; AGE/I3 = (TODAY - CHILD_DOB) / ; END TABLE FILE EMPLOYEE PRINT INS_TYPE CHILD_NAME AGE BY LAST_NAME BY FIRST_NAME BY SPOUSE IF AGE LE 20 END Seg 4Define Based on TYPE_COVER Seg 0 Define (No Reference) Seg 3Define Based on CHILD_DOB 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 20 SEG1 01 S1 ************** *EMP_ID ** *FIRST_NAME ** *LAST_NAME ** * ** *************** ************** I I I I I SEGS I SEGK I INSSEG 02 I KU 03 I KM 04 I SH ************** :EMP_ID :K :EMP_ID ::K *COVER_DT ** :SPOUSE : :CHILD_DOB :: *TYPE_COVER ** : : :CHILD_NAME :: *FAMILY ** : : : :: * ** : : : :: *************** JOINED SPICE : ************** JOINED KIDS Retrieval Internals Segment Activation TABLE FILE EMPLOYEE PRINT INS_TYPE CHILD_NAME AGE BY LAST_NAME BY FIRST_NAME BY SPOUSE IF AGE LE 20 END Seg 1 Activated by FIRST_NAME and LASTNAME Seg 2 Activated by SPOUSE Seg 3 Activated by CHILD_DOB and CHILD_NAME Seg 4 Activated by TYPE_COVER Via INS_TYPE DEFINE 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 21 Retrieval Internals Field Activation  Fields Mentioned in the Body of TABLE are ACTIVATED  FIRST_NAME  LASTNAME  SPOUSE  CHILD_NAME  CHILD_DOB (Via AGE DEFINE)  TYPE_COVER (Via INS_TYPE DEFINE) DEFINE FILE EMPLOYEE INS_TYPE/A6 = DECODE TYPE_COVER( DDS 'DENTAL' EYE 'VISION' MDS 'HEALTH' ELSE 'OTHER'); TODAY/YYMD = '&YYMD'; AGE/I3 = (TODAY - CHILD_DOB) / ; END TABLE FILE EMPLOYEE PRINT INS_TYPE CHILD_NAME AGE BY LAST_NAME BY FIRST_NAME BY SPOUSE IF AGE LE 20 END 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 22 Retrieval  Unique segments are promoted into path of parent and are never missing  IF/WHERE tests on database fields are evaluated upon retrieval  DEFINE fields are evaluated if needed  IF/WHERE tests are evaluated on DEFINE fields on segment by segment basis, AFTER all other selection tests are passed  Each Path is processed independently, and fields are merged on common sort fields n Retrieval is “Top Down, Left Right” within the referenced sub-tree 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 23 Retrieval Order of Retrieval – FOCUS & XFOCUS Files  Root segment instances are obtained in physical order  Lower level instances obtained in SEGTYPE order within parent segment  TABLEF  Root and child segment instances are obtained in SEGTYPE order  No sorting n TABLE/GRAPH/MATCH 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 24 Retrieval Order of Retrieval – FOCUS Files  When Fieldname is not indexed  Segment containing “fieldname” becomes ROOT of the view, and is retrieved physically  When Fieldname is indexed  Segment containing “fieldname” is accessed via the equality test on INDEX  Other segments become children of the new root segment  TABLE FILE filename.fieldname 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 25 Retrieval Internals AUTOPATH - Two Masters And How It Treats Seg1 JOIN EMP_ID IN EMPLOYEE TO EMP_ID IN SPICE AS J1 SEG1 01 S1 ************** *EMP_ID ** *FIRST_NAME ** *LAST_NAME ** * ** *************** ************** I + I I SEGS 02 I KU :EMP_ID :K :SPOUSE : : : : JOINED SPICE FILE=EMPLOYEE,SUFFIX=SQL SEGNAME=SEG1,SEGTYPE=S0 FIELD=EMP_ID, EID,A9,$ FIELD=FIRST_NAME, FN,A15,$ FIELD=LAST_NAME, LN,A15,$ FILE=SPICE,SUFFIX=SQL SEGNAME=SEGS,SEGTYPE=S0 FIELD=EMP_ID, EID, A9, $ FIELD=SPOUSE,SPOUSE_NME,A20,$ TABLE FILE EMPLOYEE PRINT SPOUSE END HOW MANY SEGMENTS DO WE READ?  2 Root SEG always gets read

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 26 Retrieval Internals AUTOPATH - Single Master And How It Treats Seg1 SEG1 01 S1 ************** *EMP_ID ** *FIRST_NAME ** *LAST_NAME ** * ** *************** ************** I + I I SEGS 02 I KU :EMP_ID :K :SPOUSE : : : : JOINED SPICE FILE=EMPLOYEE,SUFFIX=SQL SEGNAME=SEG1,SEGTYPE=S0 FIELD=EMP_ID, EID,A9,$ FIELD=FIRST_NAME, FN,A15,$ FIELD=LAST_NAME, LN,A15,$ SEGNAME=SEGS,SEGTYPE=S0, PARENT =SEG1, FIELD=EMP_ID, EID, A9, $ FIELD=SPOUSE,SPOUSE_NME,A20,$ TABLE FILE EMPLOYEE PRINT SPOUSE END HOW MANY SEGMENTS DO WE READ?  1 SEGS - AUTOPATH

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 27 Retrieval Order of Retrieval  Alternate Physical View is created through the referenced segment highest in the hierarchy  AUTOINDEX =ON  Alternate Indexed View is created if there is an Equality test specified for an indexed field on the referenced segment highest in the hierarchy  AUTOSTRATEGY = ON  Determines when FOCUS stops the search for a key field specified in a WHERE or IF test. When set to ON, the search ends when the key field is found  FIXRETRIEVE = ON  Equality IF/WHERE test on primary specified sort field in single segment FIX file will terminate retrieval as soon as possible n AUTOPATH = ON 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 28 Retrieval Autostrategy – FOCUS Files IL MI WHERE DATE EQ ‘1999’ 1 STATE=IL,DATE=2002Continue Search 2 STATE=IL, DATE=2001Continue Search 3 STATE=IL, DATE=1999Continue Search 4 STATE=IL, DATE=1998Next Parent 5 STATE=MI, DATE=1999Next Parent 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 29 FIXED Files ENGLAND JAGUAR ENGLAND JENSEN ENGLAND TRIUMPH FRANCE PEUGEOT ITALY AUDI JAPAN…… WHERE COUNTRY EQ ‘FRANCE’ Retrieval Stops When: SET FIXRETRIEVE = ON

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 30 Retrieval Multiple Paths  Unique segments are always in the path of their parent  Unique segments are SEGTYPE = U, KU, DKU, KLU  JOIN TO creates DKU segments  JOIN TO ALL creates DKM segments  TABLE/MATCH/GRAPH  Instances from each path will be merged in the sort process by the common parent(s)  TABLEF does not merge data from multiple paths  Alternate file views can be used to create single paths  SET MULTIPATH controls multiple path retrieval n Retrieval is performed for each path separately 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 31 Multiple Paths ARRIVE_TIME ARR_FLIGHT ARR_FROM DEPART_TIME DEP_FLIGHT DEPART_TO Airport 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 32 Multiple Paths DEFINE FILE AIRPORTS.ARRIVE_TIME DELAY=DEPART_TIME – ARRIVE_TIME; END TABLE FILE AIRPORTS.ARRIVE_TIME PRINT DEP_FLIGHT DEPART_TIME WHERE AIRPORT EQ ‘O’’HARE’ WHERE DELAY GT 60 WHERE DEPART_TO EQ ‘LAX’ WHERE ARR_FROM EQ ‘TOR’ END ARRIVE_TIME ARR_FLIGHT ARR_FROM DEPART_TIME DEP_FLIGHT DEPART_TO Airport 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 33 Multiple Paths  SEGTOP 01 S1 ************** *FAMILY ** * ** *************** ************** I I I I SEG1 I SEG2 02 I S1 03 I S1 ************** *COLLEGE ** *INVESTMENT ** * ** ***************

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 34 Retrieval Multiple Paths Instances  LASTRAWANGWHITE YALE SCHWAB Family College Investment Actual Data Layout SEGTOP 01 S1 ************** *FAMILY ** * ** *************** ************** I I I I SEG1 I SEG2 02 I S1 03 I S1 ************** *COLLEGE ** *INVESTMENT ** * ** ***************

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 35 Multiple Paths  TABLE FILE SAMPLE " SET MULTIPATH= &MULTIPATH " PRINT FAMILY COLLEGE INVESTMENT END SEGTOP 01 S1 ************** *FAMILY ** * ** *************** ************** I I I I SEG1 I SEG2 02 I S1 03 I S1 ************** *COLLEGE ** *INVESTMENT ** * ** *************** FAMILYCOLLEGEINVESTMENT WANGYALESCHWAB WHITEYALE. LASTRA.SCHWAB SET MULTIPATH= SIMPLE FAMILYCOLLEGEINVESTMENT WANGYALESCHWAB SET MULTIPATH= COMPOUND

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 36 Retrieval Short Paths  High level segments with missing referenced descendents rejected (short path)  SET ALL=ON  High level segments with missing referenced descendents accepted (missing fails IF/WHERE tests)  SET ALL=PASS  High level segments with qualified or missing referenced descendents accepted (missing passes IF/WHERE tests)  Valid only for FOCUS files  SET ALL=SQL (coming in 7.7) n SET ALL=OFF 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 37 AB 2 C 21 &ALL &IF RESULT ONA 1,A 2, B.,C 2 &ALL &IF RESULT OFF A 1, A 2, C 2 AB 2 C 21 &ALL &IF RESULT ON SSN EQ 1 A 1 AB 2 C 21 Retrieval Short Paths SET ALL = &ALL TABLE FILE DEPTS PRINT * &IF END DEPT SSN SEX LNAME IIII &ALL &IF RESULT PASS SSN EQ 1A 1,B. AB 2 C 21 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 38 AB 2 C 21 DEPT SSN SEX LNAME IIII AB 2 C 21 Retrieval Short Paths SET ALL=PASS TABLE FILE DEPTS PRINT DEPT SSN WHERE SSN EQ 1 AND SSN EQ 2 END 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 39 Retrieval JOIN TO MULTIPLE INNER LEFT OUTER JOIN INNER key IN filea TO MULTIPLE key in fileb AS J1 OR SET ALL = OFF JOIN key IN filea TO MULTIPLE key in fileb AS J1 JOIN LEFT_OUTER key IN filea TO MULTIPLE key in fileb AS J1 OR SET ALL =ON JOIN key IN filea TO MULTIPLE key in fileb AS J1

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 40 Retrieval JOIN TO UNIQUE FOCUS MANAGED JOIN  SET ALL= IRRELEVANT  ALWAYS A LEFT OUTER JOIN  ONLY ONE MATCHING RECORD RETRIEVED  MISSING RECORD ARE DISPLAYED WITH DEFAULT VALUES ADAPTER (RELATIONAL) MANAGED JOIN  SET ALL= RELEVANT  MAY BE LEFT OUTER JOIN OR INNER JOIN BASED ON ALL  ALL=ON LEFT_OUTER  ALL=OFF INNER  ALL MATCHING RECORD RETRIEVED  MISSING RECORD ARE DISPLAYED WITH DEFAULT VALUES

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 41 Retrieval Short Paths DEPT SSN DEPT LNAME IIII AB C C1C1 A2A2 A1A1 JOIN DEPT IN DEPT1 TO DEPT IN EMP AS AJ TABLE FILE DEPT1 PRINT DEPT WHERE DEPT1.DEPT NE EMP.DEPT END AB C C1C1 A2A2 A1A1 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 42 Retrieval Short Paths  Referenced, not present, Unique Segments are defaulted to blanks for alpha fields, zeros for numeric's  Unique segments do not create short paths. Therefore, ALL settings are irrelevant for Unique segments.  Unique segments (U, KU, DKU, and KLU) are never considered missing 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 43 FOCWIZARDISM Missing Referenced Descendents Of Missing Unique Segments Revert To: ALL=OFF logic EMPDATA 01 S1 ************** *PIN **I *LASTNAME ** *FIRSTNAME ** *MIDINITIAL ** * ** *************** ************** I I PERSONAL 02 I KU :PIN :K :INCAREOF : :STREETNO : :APT : :STATE :I : : JOINEDI PERSINFO I I ONE 03 I KU :STATE :K :FULLNAME : : : : : JOINED STATENAME Can’t get here If This Segment Is Missing 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 44 Internal Matrix Generation  One row for each distinct combination of sort keys  One column for each verb object  Computed columns, row and column totals, subtotals, and summaries are not yet done  All data is in internal form  The output of the SORT/MERGE phase is conceptually a matrix 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 45 Internal Matrix Generation  Fields following a verb  Fields used in COMPUTEs not previously mentioned  Fields used in HEADINGs or FOOTINGs  Fields used in SUBHEADs or SUBFOOTs, not previously mentioned  MISSING fields are not counted  Sort Fields  BY fields  ACROSS fields (used as BY at sort phase)  FOCLIST (verb is PRINT or LIST)  Verb Objects (both SUM and COUNT are calculated) 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 46 Internal Matrix Generation Multiple Verb Sets SUM SALES BY DIVISION SUM SALES BY DIVISION BY YEAR LIST SALES BY DIVISION BY YEAR 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 47 Internal Matrix Generation Multiple Verb Sets EAST210 NORTH150 SOUTH30 WEST10 SUM SALES BY DIVISION DIV SALES SUM SALES BY DIVISION BY YEAR YEAR SALES LIST SALES BY DIVISION BY YEAR FOCLIST SALES 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 48 Multi verb option - WITHIN  Use WITHIN Phrase To Manipulate Field's Values Aggregated Within BY  Can Be Used With A Prefix Operator  Up To 64 Fields In A Display Command When Using The WITHIN Phrase  WITHIN Phrase Requires A BY Phrase And/Or An ACROSS Phrase  A Maximum Of Two WITHIN Phrases Can Be Used Per Display Field  If One WITHIN Phrase Is Used, It Must Act On A BY Phrase  If Two WITHIN Phrases Are Used  The First Must Act On A By Phrase  The Second On An ACROSS Phrase.  You Can Also Use WITHIN table  Returns The Value WITHIN A Request  WITHIN Table Can Be Used When An ACROSS Phrase Is Needed Without A BY Phrase  A Single WITHIN Phrase Requires A BY Phrase 

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 49 Multi verb option - WITHIN  TABLE FILE CAR SUM CNT.SALES AS 'COUNT,OF,MODELS,WITHIN,CAR' CNT.SALES WITHIN COUNTRY AS 'TOTAL,MODELS,WITHIN,COUNTRY' PCT.CNT.SALES WITHIN COUNTRY AS 'PERCENT,OF,MODELS,WITHIN,COUNTRY' CNT.SALES WITHIN TABLE AS 'TOTAL,COUNT,OF,MODELS,ALL COUNTRIES' PCT.CNT.SALES WITHIN TABLE AS 'PERCENT,OF,MODELS,ALL COUNTRIES' BY COUNTRY BY CAR END COUNT PERCENT TOTAL OF TOTAL OF COUNT PERCENT MODELS MODELS MODELS OF OF WITHIN WITHIN WITHIN MODELS MODELS COUNTRY CAR CAR COUNTRY COUNTRY ALL COUNTRIES ALL COUNTRIES ENGLAND JAGUAR JENSEN TRIUMPH FRANCE PEUGEOT ITALY ALFA ROMEO MASERATI JAPAN DATSUN TOYOTA W GERMANY AUDI BMW

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 50 Questions Thanks for Coming