Aim: What made Genghis Khan become conqueror of Eurasia? List three reasons why some countries choose to conquer other lands. Natural Resources Eliminate competition Take over strategic locations. Money/Loot /Tribute $$$ Power, Ego and Prestige. Homework: What effects did the Mongol conquest have on Western Europe?

Instructional Objectives We will be able to: Describe the Mongols and how Genghis Khan conquered an Empire Agenda: Don Now Lecture Notes Activity Summary

Mongolia Today Mongolia is a landlocked country wedged in the middle of China and Russia.

The Mongol Steppe: The Mongolian steppe is harsh and cold. It is made up of hilly grasslands devoid of trees. Most Mongols were nomadic animal herders who lived in tents called yurts.

Rise of the Mongols The Mongols of the 12th century lived in clans that constantly fought each other. A young Mongol named Temujin wanted to unite the people of the central steppe. In 1206 he created the Mongol Empire Temujin became known as Genghis Khan or ruler of the Mongols Genghis Khan wanted access to the Silk Roads wealth which led him to expand his empire.

Mongolian Conquests First Period - 1206 Modern Territory Ruled: Mongolia. Parts of China and Russia

Mongolian Conquests Second Period 1206 - 1219 Modern Territory Ruled: Mongolia. Parts of China, Russia, and Kazakhstan

Mongolian Conquests Third Period 1219 - 1223 Modern Territory Ruled: Mongolia, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. Parts of China, Russia, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan

Mongolian Conquests Fourth Period 1223 – 1227 Death of Chinggis Khan Modern Territory Ruled: Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. Parts of China, Russia, Korea, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, and India.

Mongolian Conquests Fifth Period 1227 - 1237 Modern Territory Ruled: Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. Parts of China, Russia, Korea, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, India, Azerbaijan, and Georgia.

Mongolian Conquests Sixth Period 1237 - 1259 Modern Territory Ruled: Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Korea, Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia. Parts of China, Russia, Pakistan, India, Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine, and Romania.

Mongolian Conquests Seventh Period 1259 - 1279 Modern Territory Ruled: China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Korea, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Ukraine, Moldova, and Belarus. Parts of Russia, Pakistan, India, Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Romania, and Poland.

Mongolian Conquests Greatest Extent of Their Empire Modern Territory Ruled: China, Mongolia, Korea, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Ukraine, Moldova, and Belarus. Parts of Russia, Pakistan, India, Syria, Myanmar, Romania, and Poland. What modern countries did the Mongols control?

II. Genghis Khan Improved military organization into corps. Created a body of law (Most were equal under the law) Conquered parts of China, Russia, the Middle East, India, Korea, and Eastern Europe Allowed conquered people kept their religions and culture Mongols assimilated and borrowed ideas from other conquered cultures After conquests a period of peace began in Asia called the Pax Mongolia

These are some of Genghis Khan’s secrets How did the nomadic Mongols who only numbered 200,000 fighting men conquer the most modern empires in the World? These are some of Genghis Khan’s secrets

My entire army is made up of Calvary (horsemen) who use a powerful composite bow

Lure your enemy out with a small force and harass them while you do a fake retreat.

Once your enemy is exhausted from chasing you find a suitable place to surround and ambush them.

I adapted my army to use siege weapons, such as the catapult I adapted my army to use siege weapons, such as the catapult. Once I conquered a city we would set loose many of the inhabitants that were not useful

The inhabitants of the last conquered city would seek refuge in my next target. This would spread terror, create food shortages and overcrowding in my next conquest.

Once a Russian prince refused to surrender Once a Russian prince refused to surrender. I built a wall around his city to show their was no escape. After my Mongol warriors attacked no one was left alive.

Those who challenged my power or refused to surrender would be destroyed. After awhile my name alone made whole cities surrender. I am Genghis Khan! I created the world’s largest land empire. When my conquests were over I brought peace and trade to much of Asia.

Activity – DBQ Exercise: What made Genghis Khan become conqueror of Eurasia?

Summary Questions How did the Mongols live? What motivated Genghis Khan to conquer? How did Genghis Khan conquer societies?

Aim: How did the Mongols affect the world? Do Now: Where did the Black Death originate from? Homework:

Instructional Objectives We will be able to: Describe the impact the Mongols had on different societies. Agenda: Do Now Lecture Notes Activity Summary

What effects did the Black Death have on Europe? Spreading the Plague Marmots (rats), endemic on the steppe, carried it Besieging the city of Kaffa on the Crimea in 1346, Mongols catapulted dead plague victims over the walls, infecting the population, who then spread it to Western Europe. What effects did the Black Death have on Europe?

The Pax Mongolia (Safe Trade) The Pax Mongolia (The Mongol Peace) made it safe and easy for Europeans to trade with the East. Silks and new technologies entered Europe creating an increased demand. When the Mongol Empire collapsed Europeans seek a new route to the East leading to the explorations of Christopher Columbus. Why was this era called the Pax Mongolia?

Did the Mongols leave a positive influence on Russia? Mongol rule in Russia isolated Russia from the rest of Europe. Cultural diffusion and trade with the west would virtually stop. When the Mongols left Russia remained isolated from the rest of Europe and fell behind culturally and technologically. Russia would remain a backwards nation for centuries Did the Mongols leave a positive influence on Russia?

Influence on other Societies In China, the Mongol ruler there, Kublai Khan, kept Chinese society under strict control. With this strict control, trade flourished. One important trader and explorer, Marco Polo, brought back new goods to Europe. Other Muslim traders introduced Chinese inventions, such as gunpowder and the compass to the western world. Soon, Chinese techniques of papermaking and the invention of books were spread throughout Europe. Who benefited from Mongol rule in China?

Activity – How did the Mongols affect other Societies?

Summary Questions What positive effects did the Mongol conquests have? What negative?

Homework:

From the information on this chart, which was the greatest Empire From the information on this chart, which was the greatest Empire? Explain.