Do Now: Think, Pair, Share {Copy question into CB} What kinds of problems do vast (huge, enormous) empires face? – Think about it and write 3 possible answers in your composition books (1 minute) – Discuss with the person sitting next to you (2 minutes) – I will call on people to share their thoughts

Standards & Muslim Expansion: Conquest & Trade

How to keep an empire together? Inclusion -a policy of allowing different cultures safety and participation in order to keep a large, diverse empire stable. Muslim culture included some of the customs and traditions of non-Arabs Encouraged all people to participate in government All Muslims = Treated equal (whether Arab or not) Extremely tolerant of “People of the Book” – Pact of Umar  Non-Muslims will not show their religious differences, and they are guaranteed safety.

The Process of Conversion Islam = faith of the ruling group, so: – Officials might be naturally drawn to power that would come with conversion – Immigrants—to avoid taxes paid by non-Muslims – Simple religion—no formal, elaborate church (yet) 5 pillars only requirement

Umayyads and Abbasids The Umayyad and Abbasid Empires Umayyad – The family which took power after the Rightly Guided Caliphate. Capital in Damascus, Syria. Abbasid – The family which overthrew the Umayyads and established their Caliphate in Baghdad, Iraq.

Umayyads 1.Expansion – East ( s): Persia, Central Asia – West (710s) North Africa, (711) Spain [Iberian Peninsula] Tariq ibn Ziyad

2. Uniting the Empire -Abd al-Malik Strong government bureacracy --Emirs Arabic = official language Common coinage [money] Culture Blending/inclusion – Islam is appealing to many Build mosques and other monumental buildings

Umayyads 3. Fall - Religious/political differences  Damascus too far West  East = main strength  Quarrels over Succession  Government directed by self-interest and worldly gains OR MAYBE  Empire too large to control  Abbassids overthrow Umayyads in 750 CE

Vocabulary: – Iberian Peninsula  Spain/Portugal – Bureaucracy  system of agencies/people who do work of government – Emir  Muslim governors of Umayyad provinces – Damascus  Capital of Umayyad Caliphate – Abd al-Malik  Umayyad ruler who introduced common coinage and official language(Arabic) – Tariq ibn Ziyad  leads conquest of Hispania, requires soldiers to help spread Islam The Umayyad Empire

Vocabulary: – Baghdad  capital of Abbasid Dynasty, between Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, Wealthy city, fertile land. – Standing army  army kept during times of peace AND war – Golden Age  period when society/culture is at its best – Factions  opposing (or enemy) groups – Fatimids  Faction which drove Abbasids out of Egypt – Seljuk Turks  Conquered Bahgdad and overthrew Abbasids The Abbasids

Muslims in Spain VOCAB – Al Andalus  Muslim Spain – Cordoba  Wealthy capital city of Muslim Spain, cultural center – Abd al Rahman III (912)  Strong leader who brought stability to Muslim Spain by uniting Spanish Muslims and building a huge standing army – Battle of Tours (732)  Christians defeated Muslims—significant b/c Europe = Christian.

Rubric for Arabia Book This book should be everything from your notes, arranged neatly into a book format. This book will be your guide on your test. GOOD NOTES = GOOD BOOK! Graded PER SECTION! 1.Vocabulary/Terms ____/4 2.Pictures ____/4 3.Neatness/Quality ____/4 4.Spelling/Grammar ____/4

Idea/WordDefinition/Meaning Where were cities usually located? Along trade routes Near water (hint: near an OASIS) People who lived in cities are… Sedentary people Known as city-dwellers (merchants, artisans, the rich, etc.) Cities were… Centers of trade Growth of Cities

Why is Arabia’s location good for trade? What were some of the things people traded? Other than trade goods, what else might travel along these routes? Map Questions: Trade