The American Promise: A History of the United States Fourth Edition Roark • Johnson • Cohen • Stage • Hartmann • Lawson The American Promise: A History of the United States Fourth Edition CHAPTER 2 Europeans Encounter the New World: 1492–1600 Copyright © 2009 by Bedford/St. Martin’s

Europe in the Age of Exploration Mediterranean Trade and European Expansion A Century of Portuguese Exploration

in the Western Atlantic A Surprising New World in the Western Atlantic The Explorations of Columbus The Geographic Revolution and the Columbian Exchange

Spanish Exploration and Conquest The Conquest of Mexico The Search for Other Mexicos New Spain in the Sixteenth Century The Toll of Spanish Conquest and Colonization Spanish Outposts in Florida and New Mexico

Sixteenth-Century Europe The New World and Sixteenth-Century Europe The Protestant Reformation and the European Order New World Treasure and Spanish Ambitions Europe and the Spanish Example

Chapter 2 Europeans Encounter the New World: 1492–1600 Map 2.1 European Trade Routes and Portuguese Exploration in the Fifteenth Century (p. 38) Map 2.2 European Exploration in Sixteenth-Century America (p. 43) Map 2.3 New Spain in the Sixteenth Century (p. 52) Figure 2.1 New World Gold and Silver Imported into Spain during the Sixteenth Century, in Pesos (p. 56) Mixed Races (p. 57) Algonquian Ceremonial Dance (p. 63)