Lecture 2: Encounters and Collisions

European Expansion and the Age of Discovery TERMS and IDENTIFICATIONS: caravel, Hernando Cortés, The Columbian Exchange, smallpox, The Destruction of the Indies, Roanoke From 11th to 14th centuries, European agricultural production more than doubled, population nearly tripled. Commercial Expansion Renaissance, 14 to 16 th centuries -- Humanistic Rise of monarchies Technological advances: gunpowder, printing press, compass Discovery and Conquest –Portuguese explore African coast during 1400s and reach India by 1497 –Columbus’s first voyage, 1492 –Hernando Cortés conquers the Aztecs, 1521; Pizarro conquers Incas, 1528 –Cabeza de Vaca journeys, –Cartier reconnoiters the St. Lawrence river, 1530s –Hernadno de Soto, ; Coronado expeditions, –Roanoke,

Spice Routes & Silk Road

The Caravel, 1400s Fast and could sail into wind Sturdier construction Used extensively by Portuguese to explore African Coast Niña & Pinta

Africa in the 15 th Century

15 th Century Portuguese Explorations

Colonization of Atlantic Islands

European Expansion and the Age of Discovery TERMS AND IDENTIFICATIONS: caravel, Cortés, The Columbian Exchange, smallpox, The Destruction of the Indies, Roanoke From 11th to 14th centuries, European agricultural production more than doubled, population nearly tripled. Commercial Expansion Renaissance, 14th to 16 th centuries -- Humanistic Rise of monarchies Technological advances: gunpowder, printing press, compass Discovery and Conquest –Portuguese explore African coast during 1400s and reach India by 1497 –Columbus’s first voyage, 1492 –Hernando Cortés conquers the Aztecs, 1521; Pizarro conquers Incas, 1528 –Cabeza de Vaca journeys, –Cartier reconnoiters the St. Lawrence river, 1530s –Hernadno de Soto, ; Coronado expeditions, –Roanoke,

Columbus’ First Voyage

Columbus meeting the Tainos

Taino Indians, circa 1500

“A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies,” Bartolomé de las Casas, published 1552

Cortes (Aztecs/Mexico) Pizarro (Peru/Incans)

Tenochtitlán

Diego Rivera, The Great City of Techochtitlan (1945)

European Expansion and the Age of Discovery TERMS AND IDENTIFICATIONS: caravel, Cortés, The Columbian Exchange, smallpox, The Destruction of the Indies, Roanoke From 11th to 14th centuries, European agricultural production more than doubled, population nearly tripled. Commercial Expansion Renaissance, 14th to 16 th centuries -- Humanistic Rise of monarchies Technological advances: gunpowder, printing press, compass Discovery and Conquest –Portuguese explore African coast during 1400s and reach India by 1497 –Columbus’s first voyage, 1492 –Hernando Cortés conquers the Aztecs, 1521; Pizarro conquers Incas, 1528 –Cabeza de Vaca journeys, –Cartier reconnoiters the St. Lawrence river, 1530s –Hernadno de Soto, ; Coronado expeditions, –Roanoke,

Cabeza de Vaca,

Jacques Cartier, 1530s

Hernando De Soto,

Francisco Vásquez Coronado,

Roanoke,

I.Conquest by disease A.Smallpox B.Syphilis II. Conquest by Plants A. Europeans learn to cultivate/utilize new world plants B. development of cash crops (esp. sugar!) C. Europeans learn to cultivate their own old world plants in the Americas D. the problem of weeds. III. Conquest by Animals A. pigs gone wild B. animals of war: horses/bull mastiffs IV. New World Food→European population explosion Columbian Exchange Why did Europeans conquer indigenous Americans so quickly?

Path of the Eruptive Fevers

Aztec victims of smallpox -- Florentine Codex

Albrecht Durer, “The Syphilitic ”

I.Conquest by disease A.Smallpox B.Syphilis II. Conquest by Plants A. Europeans learn to cultivate/utilize new world plants B. development of cash crops (esp. sugar!) C. Europeans learn to cultivate their own old world plants in the Americas D. the problem of weeds. III. Conquest by Animals A. pigs gone wild B. animals of war: horses/bull mastiffs IV. New World Food→European population explosion Columbian Exchange Why did Europeans conquer indigenous Americans so quickly?