Regions of the United States Chapter 7 Regions of the United States

Key Terms Section 1/2 Megalopolis Northeast States Mangrove Bayou Fall Line Sunbelt Everglades South States 7.2 Objectives

Bell Work Grab text book Go back and grab packet

7.1 Objectives How have the physical characteristics and resources of the Northeast affected its economy? How did the Northeast become an early leader of industry? Why has the Northeast coastal region become a megalopolis?

How have the physical characteristics and resources of the Northeast affected its economy? Physical Characteristics attracts tourism Beautiful Landscapes Unique combination of precipitation, type of soil, and varieties of trees, lead to beautiful forests Coastlines, Niagara Falls, beautiful farmland World-famous cities New York: cultural center of nation Boston/Philly offer historic look at nation Natural Resources Few natural resources Coal in Pennsylvania Waters are key! Used as keys to regions successful commerce/fishing Shorelines provide many harbors Natural Harbors used throughout 1700/1800s by merchant ships Fishing industry thrives off north Atlantic coasts 7.1

How did the Northeast become an early leader of industry? Many Rivers have been vital to history/industry Example: Hudson/Connecticut High levels of precipitation helped aid speed of rivers Speed harnessed by industries in form of water wheels. Factories built at waterfalls Produced shoes, cotton, cloth, and other goods to be sold across nation and world River valleys served as trade routes, railroad routes, and later as highway routes. By 1900 Northeast region was most productive manufacturing region in the world. 7.1

Why has the Northeast coastal region become a megalopolis? Cities grew B/c of economic importance More/more workers needed for cities industries Immigrants (European) come to work People flocked towards factory towns Increase in populations led to increase in Suburbs Suburbs of one cities grew into another and became a megalopolis Today 1/7 of countries population live in what megalopolis? Boston to Washington D.C. 7.1

Lesson closing L-J#1 Work on Packet

Bell Work 7.2: South What states make up the south? Read pg.161 up to Linking Resources on pg. 163

Chapter 7.2 Objectives 7.2 Key Terms How have warm climates and rich soils affected vegetation in the south? What key natural resources have influenced industrial development? How have Changes in the south led to growth of cities? 7.2 Key Terms

How have warm climates and rich soils affected vegetation in the south? Warm Sub-tropical Climate Located closer to equator Provides refuge for wide variety of birds/animals Warm/wet climate produces Mangroves, bayous, everglades Becomes drier climate toward west Supportive to prairies Rich Soils of coastal plains Taken advantage of throughout history Native Americans used them as well as early Europeans Fertile soils increased migration their leading to…. Building of plantations, slavery Sub-tropical Climate led to longer growing seasons and richer soils! 7.2

What key natural resources have influenced industrial development? Carolinas in 1840s: Textile mills built on Fall line near cotton farms (used power of water) Produced abundance of cotton then, continues today with variety of products Texas 1900: South’s oil industry began to grow. Some of U.S.’s largest oil reserves located there By 1960s/70s bringing in great wealth Sharp Oil decline in 80s led to diversification Gulf Coast (20th Century) Manufacturing industries Use abundance of available raw materials, sources of energy, and their instant access to ocean ports to foster development Example: Petrochemical Industry is a leading source of industrial income in southern region Texas now one of leading national producers of synthetic rubber 7.2

How have Changes in the south led to growth of cities? Growth of Industry Brought new factories, cheaper land, more efficient Sunbelt Grown enormously as an industrial region Grown enormously by retirement/tourism Varied Population Re-Migration of African Americans 50%+ African American Population Hispanics in Florida Region Major Cities New Orleans, Dallas, Atlanta, Houston, . 7.2

Lesson Closing Begin Working on Chapter 7 Project Creating a web

Mangrove Tropical trees that grow in swampy ground along coastal areas 7.1 & 7.2

Bayou Vegetation region including marshy inlets of lakes and rivers 7.1 & 7.2

Everglades Located in Florida, large area of swampland covered in places with tall grasses 7.1 & 7.2

Fall line Imaginary line b.t. the Appalachian mountains and the Atlantic coastal plains. Place where rivers and streams form waterfalls/rapids as they descend from plateau to coastal plain 7.1 & 7.2

Sun-belt Southern and Southwestern states from Carolinas to S. California characterized by a warm climate and rapid population growth 7.1 & 7.2

Northeast 7.1 & 7.2 States Pennsylvania New York New Jersey Connecticut Massachusetts Rhode Island New Hampshire Vermont Maine 7.1 & 7.2

Megalopolis Megalopolis Chapter 7 Very large city; region made up of several large cities and their surrounding areas Megalopolis 7.1 & 7.2

South 7.1 & 7.2 States Tennessee Kentucky Alabama Georgia Florida Texas Oklahoma Arkansas Louisiana Mississippi Virginia W. Virginia Maryland Tennessee Kentucky Alabama Georgia Florida N. Carolina S. Carolina Delaware 7.1 & 7.2

7.3 Midwest

Bell Work: Midwest Read the Agricultural Economy Section (167) Know the states in the Midwest L-J #2 after reading

7.3 Objectives & Concepts How does the climate/soils of the Midwest support agriculture? Why has farming become big business? How have resources and transportation promoted industry in Midwest? Humus Growing Season Grain Elevator Grain Exchange

How does the climate/soils of the Midwest support agriculture? Fertile Soil Melting glaciers deposited minerals to promote plant growth Led to humus = replenished soil Climate (promotes variety of agriculture) Promotes soil building Long/Hot summers with adequate precipitation Varying Growing seasons; up to 200 days Warmer/wetter (Iowa, Illinois) = corn/soybeans/livestock More western: Drier Great plains= wheat/oats/livestock Northern: Cooler/poor soils= hay/dairy cattle 7.3

Why has farming become big business? History Many Midwestern towns depend on farming Used to be modest, single family enterprises Technology Mechanization of Farms Invention of reaper allowed farmers to harvest vast amounts of wheat More inventions Allowed farmers to produce more crops with less help Decreased # of farms as many farms combined/bought out Linked to Cities Technology linked countryside to city. Many business activities, even in major cities, centered around agriculture. Grain elevators are example of one link Many cities jobs depend on agriculture Mercantile exchange= world’s busiest market for many farm products Board of Trade= largest grain exchange in world. 7.3

How have resources and transportation promoted industry in Midwest? Industries to Resources Rich natural resources = agriculture/manufacturing industries Easy access to mineral resources led to development of steel mills, auto industry, coal mines. Transportation Major cities located on shores of Great Lakes or along major rivers Water transportation increased efficiency/growth of MW industry. RR’s also played major role, esp. in Chicago to ship heavier goods. 7.3

Lesson Closing

Chapter 7 Organic material that results when plants and animals that live in the soil die and decay Humus 7.3

Chapter 7 Growing Season In farming, the average number of days b.t. the last frost of spring and the first frost of fall Growing Season 7.3

Chapter 7 Tall building equipped with machinery for loading, cleaning, storing, and discharging grain Grain Elevator 7.3

Place were grain is bought and sold as a commodity Chapter 7 Place were grain is bought and sold as a commodity Grain Exchange 7.3

7.4 West

7.4 Concepts Tundra Aqueduct

Bell Work: West Read Entire West Section L-J #3

7.4 Objectives How does abundance/scarcity of water affect natural vegetation? What major natural resources have influenced economic activity in Western U.S? How have geography and distance affected where people live and work in the region?

How does abundance/scarcity of water affect natural vegetation? Major factor shaping west's natural vegetation, economic activity, and population density Most of west= semi-arid to arid climate Dry areas= short grasses, shrubs, brush, cactus Wet Areas= (seattle, Wash.) Rich deciduous forests Alaska-Tundra region= dry, treeless plains, only growth when _____ 7.4 Concepts

What major natural resources have influenced economic activity in Western U.S? Rocky Mtns. And Sierra Nevada “Loaded” Huge “Warehouse” for minerals Gold, silver, uranium, others Led to migrations west in search of gold/silver Developed huge mining companies for gold, silver, tin, and copper Natural Gas/Oil Discovery of major oil in Alaska in 1960s Transformed Alaskan Economy Forestry/Fishing ½ of U.S. construction lumber harvested in Pacific NW Billions of tons of fish caught off Alaska, Hawaii, and Pac. NW 7.4 Concepts

How have geography and distance affected where people live and work in the region? Transcontinental Railroad Completion (1869) spurred growth of cities People moved west but terrain, landscape & climates force living near cities Alaska Largest state= smallest population Caused by landscape/climate rugged mtns.,(what two?) Capitol only reached by boat/plane Hawaii 2,000 miles away from U.S. mainlands What drew the U.S. to Hawaii? Wanted them as refueling stations for trade with Japan/China Today More mainstream b/c of Jet planes shortening traveling time Popular tourism Telecommunication keeps up to date 7.4 Concepts

Lesson Closing Work on Packets Work on Ch.7 Projects

Chapter 7 Region where temperatures are always cold and only specialized plants can grow Tundra 7.4 Concepts

Chapter 7 Large pip or channel designed to transport water from a remote source over a long distance Aqueduct 7.4 Concepts