April 20, 2011 Have out your Rock Music Video EVALUATIONS! Today’s Trivia: Today in 1861, General R________ E. L_____ resigned from the Union Army three days after his native state of _________ seceded from the Union.

Who was the North and the South? Introduction to the Civil War Unit

Industry: North Industrialization 1.Division of work tasks 2.Factories of specialized workers 3.Machinery was introduced in factories By 1860, the North’s factories produced 2/3 of the country’s manufactured goods!

Transportation: North Improved transportation allows for industrial success : Canals and roads developed – Canals opened new shipping routes by connecting lakes and rivers Steamboats: Robert Fulton (1807) – Allowed for easier transportation upstream Clipper ships (1840s) – Extremely fast sailboats – “Clipped” the travel time

Transportation: North Railroads – 1840: 3,000 miles of track – 1860: 31, 000 miles of track united the Midwest and the East First pulled by horse, then by steam engines! Allowed grain, livestock and dairy products to move directly, faster and cheaper Made it easier to settle in the Midwest

Agriculture: North Turned away from farming and chose industry – Factories had success in areas that were difficult to farm like the Northeast New inventions that aided farmers: 1.Steel tipped plow-John Deere, Mechanical reaper-Cyrus McCormick

Industry: South Successful economy depended on slavery – Cotton gin (Eli Whitney) allowed for faster harvesting of cotton, which made farmers want more cotton to harvest Upper South produced tobacco, hemp, wheat and vegetables Deep South produced mainly cotton

Industry: South Some southern leaders thought that there should be factories in the South – Too much dependency on Northern goods – Help economy of less prosperous Upper South Had a lower value of manufactured goods than the state of PA! – Little market for these goods – Would have to sell slaves or land in order to build factories

Transportation: South Natural waterways were depended on because most towns were located near coasts or rivers – Few canals – Poor roads Railroads were short, local and not interlinked – Only 1/3 of country’s railroads by 1860

People: North Factory workers – Long hours in dangerous and uncomfortable conditions – Factory owners were more concerned with profit than safety – Tried to unite in trade unions, but striking was illegal until 1842

People: North African-American workers – Faced prejudice and discrimination in work, voting, school and hospitals Women Workers – Discrimination at work: lower pay and excluded from unions

People: North Immigrants – Irish and German were the largest groups – Drastically increased the population by 1860 – Would work for lower wages – Faced prejudice Know Nothing Party: Wanted stricter citizenship laws

People: South Most white Southerners were yeomen, tenant farmers, the rural poor or plantation owners – Yeomen: farmers who did not have enslaved workers, owned their own land and produced for local trade merchants, largest group in the South – Tenant farmers: farmers who works land owned by another and pays rent in cash or crops – Rural poor: lived in crude cabins in the woods, looked down on by other whites, independent and avoided jobs done by enslaved people

People: South Plantations: several thousand acres with a comfortable farm house – Partly measured wealth by number of slaves – Only 4% had 20 or more slaves, most had less than 10 – Main goal was to earn profits Plantation wives – In charge of the household – Supervised buildings, fruit/veggie gardens, domestic slaves, keep financial records

People: South Slaves – Most tended to the crops sunrise to sunset supervised by an overseer – Domestic work – Blacksmiths, carpenters, shoemakers, weavers – Tended to the pastures