Work Packages: 1. Technologies (combination of CSP and desalting technologies) 2. Water Resources and Solar Energy Resources 3. Demand Side Scenario 4. Market Potential Socio-Economic Impacts 6. Environmental Impacts 7. Literature  Final Report a la MED-CSP and TRANS-CSP by end 2007

WP 1: Technologies Desalination Overview

WP 1: Technologies Desalination Overview

WP 1: Technologies CSP Overview

MED: Multi-Effect-Distillation RO: Reverse Osmosis Membrane Desalination WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Definition MED Solar FieldStorage Power Plant Water Power fuel solar heat heat Combined Heat & Power RO Solar FieldStorage Power Plant Water Power fuel solar heat Power Only Solar FieldStorage MED fuel solar heat Water Power grid Heat Only

Solar FieldStorage MED fuel solar heat Water Power grid Heat Only WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Definition Low temperature, low cost direct heat  Novatec Fresnel and Solitem Trough

WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Definition High temperature solar heat  Steam Cycle with Trough, Tower or Fresnel  Combined Cycle or Gas Turbine with Tower  REFOS Concept DLR (USHYNE Project) RO Solar FieldStorage Power Plant Water Power fuel solar heat Power Only

WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Definition MED Solar FieldStorage Power Plant Water Power fuel solar heat heat Combined Heat & Power High temperature solar heat  Steam Cycle with Trough, Tower or Fresnel  Combined Cycle or Gas Turbine with Tower  REFOS Concept DLR (USHYNE Project)

WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Selection Possible combinations of CSP and desalination: which one could be the reference case for the AQUA-CSP study? MEDRO Parabolic TroughCentral ReceiverLinear Fresnel Steam TurbineGas TurbineCombined Cycle

WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Selection Why Linear Fresnel as CSP-Reference?  Best Land Use Efficiency  seashore, populated areas, industry, tourism  Low Weight & Simple Structure  Potential for Low Cost  Easy Integration to Environment  shade, agriculture, parking etc.  Less wind load and easier cleaning  lower operation & maintenance cost Using Fresnel as Reference does not exclude other CSP Technologies!

WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Selection Specific weight of solar field per aperture area: Fresnel (Novatec) 28 kg/m² Trough (Andasol) 135 kg/m² Tower (Solar Tres)122 kg/m² Output of 110,000 m² (land area) solar field

WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Selection Novatec PS 10 Andasol

WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Analysis Task: 24,000 m³/day + 21 MW net power for 7 different sites in MENA

WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Analysis

WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Analysis Status ,000 m² 120,000 m² 25 MW gross 24,000 m³/d

WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Analysis Status 2007 Increasing thermal energy storage = increasing cost

WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Analysis Status 2020 Increasing thermal energy storage = decreasing cost

WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Analysis Comparison of CSP/MED and CSP/RO Reference Plants:  CSP/MED requires about 10 % less input energy than CSP/RO  Investment for CSP/MED is about 10 % higher than for CSP/RO  Overall cost of water of CSP/MED is about 10 % lower than for CSP/RO  Contradiction to Literature

WP 1: Technologies CSP vs. other Renewables Task: 10 MW Firm Power Capacity for RO CSP+Storage: 10 MW installed, 10 % Fuel PV+Backup:20 MW installed, 75 % Fuel Wind+Backup:20 MW installed, 60 % Fuel

WP 1: Technologies Conclusions  Base load capability makes CSP best suited renewable source for large scale desalination  MSF is the least efficient desalination technology with high energy demand  CSP/MED and CSP/RO have similar technical and economic performance, no preference for either one can be seen without detailed site assessment  Linear Fresnel collector fields are particularly well suited for seawater desalination  Present cost of CSP desalination between €/m³  Medium term cost of €/m³ is achievable in combination with power generation and using solar energy storage  CSP technology is ready for the seawater desalination market